Abdominal Wall Defects in 1961–2000: Incidence,Prenatal Diagnosis and Prevalence by Maternal Age

Overview

Objective:
Presentation of defects of the abdominal wall – omphalocele and gastroschisis – in theCzech Republic during 1961 to 2000. Analysis of the prevalence of these defects in differentgroups by maternal age.Design: Retrospective demographic epidemiological study.Setting: Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Prague.Method: Data from the nationwide registration of congenital defects were used which are kept inthe Institute for Health Information and Statistics of the CR and data on the prenatal diagnosisfrom different departments of medical genetics. Epidemiological analysis of the incidence ofdefects of the abdominal wall – omphalocele and gastroschisis, diagnosed pre- and postnatally inthe Czech Republic in 1961–2000. For the mathematical and statistical analysis of the prevalenceof these defects by maternal age the method of calculation of the 95% confidence interval ofprobability was used.Results: In the Czech Republic during the period of 1961–2000 a total of 2293 cases of abdominalwall defects were registered. From this total number of notified defects 1915 cases were diagnosedafter delivery, prenatal diagnosis was made in 378 cases and pregnancy was therefore terminatedprematurely. From the total number of abdominal wall defects there were 1450 cases of omphalocele(incl. 136 prenatally diagnosed cases) and 843 cases of gastroschisis (incl. 242 cases diagnosedprenatally).Conclusion: The authors found a significant decrease in the incidence in the neonatal populationof the Czech Republic due to the advances of prenatal diagnosis in the recent decade. As regardsomphalocele there is a significantly higher risk in women older than 39 years, in the case ofgastroschisis there is a higher risk for women under 18 years and women above 39 years.

Key words:
vrozená vada, defekty břišní stěny, omfalokéla, gastroschíza, incidence, Česká republika,prenatální diagnostika, věk matky