Synukleinopatie a jejich laboratorní biomarkery

Czech version

Authors: R. Novobilský ^1,2; P. Kušnierová ^1,3; P. Bártová ^1,2; O. Volný ^1,2; M. Sabela ^1,2; M. Bar ^1,2
Authors‘ workplace: Katedra klinických neurověd, LF OU, Ostrava ¹; Neurologická klinika FN Ostrava ²; Ústav laboratorní medicíny, FN Ostrava ³
Published in: Cesk Slov Neurol N 2021; 84(6): 535-539
Category: Review Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.48095/cccsnn2021535

Overview

Neurodegenerative diseases represent a large and heterogeneous group of disorders. Their common feature is the deposition of a certain pathological protein in brain tissue. The location and distribution of abnormally constituted α-synuclein deposits in central and peripheral nervous system define each respective disorder. The location and distribution of a-synuclein deposits define each respective disorder. Synucleinopathies currently include Parkinson‘s disease, Parkinson‘s disease with dementia, Lewy body dementia, multiple system atrophy, pure autonomic failure, and idiopathic REM sleep disorder. The detection of α-synuclein alone in these diseases has the effect in differentiating them from other neurodegenerative diseases; however, its specificity in the differential diagnosis of individual synucleinopathies is relatively low. Therefore, it is necessary to look for other diagnostic biomarkers that would contribute to the early and accurate diagnosis of individual diseases. At the same time, it is not just a matter of looking for new markers, but also of looking for more available biological samples or body fluids in which these biomarkers can be effectively detected. In the introduction of this review there is a brief description of each disorder and subsequently there is a brief overview of mostly diagnostic laboratory biomarkers. We first present the cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers that reflect the direct neuropathological changes, and then several biomarkers found in peripheral tissues.

Keywords:

multiple system atrophy – biomarkers – Parkinson‘s disease – α-synuclein – Lewy bodies – pure autonomic failure

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