Differential diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

Czech version

Authors: P. Nytrová
Authors‘ workplace: Neurologická klinika a Centrum klinických neurověd, 1. LF UK a VFN v Praze
Published in: Cesk Slov Neurol N 2020; 83/116(supplementum 1): 51-57
doi: https://doi.org/10.14735/amcsnn2020S51

Overview

Differential diagnosis of autoimmune CNS disorders is facilitated by the assessment of aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-IgG) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG). These autoantibodies are associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and MOG encephalomyelitis, respectively. Furthermore, these antibodies can confirm a considered diagnosis. The diagnosis of NMOSD can be based on clinical manifestation, e. g., severe optic neuritis and/or complete transverse myelitis. Nevertheless, the differential diagnosis of NMOSD is often challenging in incomplete transverse myelitis, brainstem symptoms, and optic neuritis with a good response to corticosteroid treatment. MRI findings and the absence of oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid can lead to a correct diagnosis. The most common disorders in the differential diagnosis for NMOSD are MS, ischemic lesions, and tumors.

Keywords:

MOG encephalomyelitis – neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

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