Medications for opioid use disorder among pregnant women referred by criminal justice agencies before and after Medicaid expansion: A retrospective study of admissions to treatment centers in the United States
Autoři:
Tyler N. A. Winkelman aff001; Becky R. Ford aff002; Rebecca J. Shlafer aff003; Anna McWilliams aff002; Lindsay K. Admon aff004; Stephen W. Patrick aff005
Působiště autorů:
Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
aff001; Health, Homelessness, and Criminal Justice Lab, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
aff002; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
aff003; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
aff004; Vanderbilt Center for Child Health Policy, Departments of Pediatrics and Health Policy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
aff005
Vyšlo v časopise:
Medications for opioid use disorder among pregnant women referred by criminal justice agencies before and after Medicaid expansion: A retrospective study of admissions to treatment centers in the United States. PLoS Med 17(5): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003119
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003119
Souhrn
Background
Criminal justice involvement is common among pregnant women with opioid use disorder (OUD). Medications for OUD improve pregnancy-related outcomes, but trends in treatment data among justice-involved pregnant women are limited. We sought to examine trends in medications for OUD among pregnant women referred to treatment by criminal justice agencies and other sources before and after the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid expansion.
Methods and findings
We conducted a serial, cross-sectional analysis using 1992–2017 data from pregnant women admitted to treatment facilities for OUD using a national survey of substance use treatment facilities in the United States (N = 131,838). We used multiple logistic regression and difference-in-differences methods to assess trends in medications for OUD by referral source. Women in the sample were predominantly aged 18–29 (63.3%), white non-Hispanic, high school graduates, and not employed. Over the study period, 26.3% (95% CI 25.7–27.0) of pregnant women referred by criminal justice agencies received medications for OUD, which was significantly less than those with individual referrals (adjusted rate ratio [ARR] 0.45, 95% CI 0.43–0.46; P < 0.001) or those referred from other sources (ARR 0.51, 95% CI 0.50–0.53; P < 0.001). Among pregnant women referred by criminal justice agencies, receipt of medications for OUD increased significantly more in states that expanded Medicaid (n = 32) compared with nonexpansion states (n = 18) (adjusted difference-in-differences: 12.0 percentage points, 95% CI 1.0–23.0; P = 0.03). Limitations of this study include encounters that are at treatment centers only and that do not encompass buprenorphine prescribed in ambulatory care settings, prisons, or jails.
Conclusions
Pregnant women with OUD referred by criminal justice agencies received evidence-based treatment at lower rates than women referred through other sources. Improving access to medications for OUD for pregnant women referred by criminal justice agencies could provide public health benefits to mothers, infants, and communities. Medicaid expansion is a potential mechanism for expanding access to evidence-based treatment for pregnant women in the US.
Klíčová slova:
Census – Criminal justice system – Drug therapy – Management of high-risk pregnancies – Morbidity – Obstetrics and gynecology – Opioids – Pregnancy
Zdroje
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