Electrophysiological Examination of the Pelvic Floor
Authors:
Z. Kadaňka Jr
Published in the journal:
Cesk Slov Neurol N 2013; 76/109(2): 155-161
Category:
Přehledný referát
Summary
Even though EMG of the pelvic floor has predominantly been used in research it is also often indicated in routine clinical practice. The article describes electrophysiological tests used to diagnose pelvic floor lesions and emphasises their beneficial effect and diagnostic value.
Key words:
pelvic floor – neurophysiology – anal sphincter
Zdroje
1. Podnar S, Vodusek DB. Standardization of anal sphincter electromyography: uniformity of the muscle. Muscle Nerve 2000; 23(1): 122–125.
2. Podnar S, Rodi Z, Lukanovic A, Trsinar B, Vodusek DB. Standardisation of anal sphincter EMG: technique of needle examination. Muscle Nerve 1999; 22(3): 400–403.
3. Fowler CJ, Benson JT, Craggs MD et al. Clinical neurophysiology. In: Abrams P, Cardozo L, Khoury S et al (eds). Incontinence. Plymouth UK: Health Publication 2002: 389–424.
4. Fowler CJ, Kirby RS, Harrison MJ. Decelerating bursts and complex repetitive discharges in the striated muscle of the urethral sphincter, associated with urinary retention in women. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1985; 48(10): 1004–1009.
5. Weidner AC, Sanders DB, Nandedkar SD, Bump RC. Quantitative electromyographic analysis of levator ani and external anal sphincter muscles of nulliparous women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 183(5): 1249–1256.
6. Podnar S. Criteria for neuropathic abnormality in quantitative anal sphincter electromyography. Muscle Nerve 2004; 30(5): 596–601.
7. Vodusek DB, Janko M. SF EMG in striated sphincter muscle. Muscle Nerve 1981; 4(3): 252.
8. Kiff ES, Swash M. Normal proximal and delayed distal conduction in the pudendal nerve of patients with idiopathic (neurogenic) faecal incontinence. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1984; 47(8): 820–823.
9. Olsen AL, Ross M, Stansfield RB, Kreiter C. Pelvic floor nerve conduction studies: establishing clinically relevant normative data. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 189(4): 1114–1119.
10. Snooks SJ, Barnes PR, Swash M, Henry MM. Damage to the innervation of the pelvic floor musculature in chronic constipation. Gastroenterology; 89(5): 977–981.
11. Snooks SJ, Swash M, Setchell M, Henry MM. Injury to innervation of pelvic floor sphincter musculature in childbirth. Lancet 1984; 2(8402): 546–550.
12. Snooks SJ, Swash M, Mathers SE, Henry MM. Effect of vaginal delivery in the pelvic floor: a 5-year follow-up. Br J Surg 1990; 77(12): 1358–1360.
13. Benson T, McClellan E. The effect of vaginal dissection on the pudendal nerve. Obstet Gynecol 1993; 82(3): 387–389.
14. Haldeman S, Bradley WE, Bhatia N. Evoked responses from the pudendal nerve. J Urol 1982; 128(5): 974–980.
15. Vodusek DB, Zidar J. Perineal motor evoked responses. Neurourol Urodynamic 1988; 7: 236–237.
16. Thiry AJ, Deltrenre PF. Neurophysiological assessment of the central motor pathway to the external urethral sphincter in man. Br J Urol 1989; 63(5): 515–519.
17. Eardley I, Nagendran K, Lecky B, Chapple CR, Kirby RS, Fowler CJ. Neurophysiology of the striated urethral sphincter in multiple sclerosis. Br J Urol 1991; 68(1): 81–88.
18. Rodi Z, Vodusek DB, Denislic M. Clinical uro-neurophysiological investigation in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 1996; 3(6): 574–580.
19. Delodovici ML, Fowler CJ. Clinical value of the pudendal somatosensory evoked potential. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1995; 96(6): 509–515.
20. Bradley WE, Lin JT, Johnson B. Measurement of the conduction velocity of the dorsal nerve of the penis. J Urol 1984; 131(6): 1127–1129.
21. Deletis V, Vodusek DB, Abbott R, Epstein FJ, Turndorf H. Intraoperative monitoring of dorsal sacral roots: minimizing the risk of iatrogenic micturition disorders. Neurosurgery 1992; 30(1): 72–75.
22. Ertekin C, Reel F. Bulbocavernosus reflex in normal men and in patients with neurogenic bladder and/or impotence. J Neurol Sci 1976; 28(1): 1–15.
23. Dykstra D, Sidi A, Cameron J, Magness J, Stradal L, Portugal J. The use of mechanical stimulation to obtain the sacral reflex latency: a new technique. J Urol 1987; 137(1): 77–79.
24. Loening-Baucke V, Read NW, Yamada T, Barker AT. Evaluation of the motor and sensory components of the pudendal nerve. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1994; 93(1): 35–41.
25. Rodi Z, Vodusek DB. The sacral reflex studies: the single versus double pulse electrical stimulation. Neurourol Urodyn 1995; 14: 496–497.
26. Takmann W, Vogel P, Porst H. Somatosensory evoked potentials after stimulation of the dorsal penile nerve: normative data and results from 145 patients with erectile dysfunction. Eur Neurol 1987; 27(4): 245–250.
27. Hanson P, Rigaux P, Gilliard C, Biset E. Sacral reflex latencies in tethered cord syndrome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1993; 72(1): 39–43.
28. Bilkey WJ, Awad EA, Smith AD. Clinical application of sacral reflex latency. J Urol 1983; 129(6): 1187–1189.
29. Opsomer RJ, Pesce FR, Abi Aad AS, van Cangh PJ, Rossini PM. Electrophysiologic testing of motor sympathetic pathways: normative data and clinical contribution in neurourological disorders. Neurourol Urodynamic 1993; 12: 336.
30. Colakoglu Z, Kutluay E, Ertekin C. The nature of spontaneous cavernosal activity. BJU Int 1999; 83(4): 449–452.
31. Stocchi F, Carbone A, Inghilleri M, Monge A, Ruggieri S, Berardelli A et al. Urodynamic and neurophysiological evaluation in Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997; 62(5): 507–511.
32. Palace J, Chandiramani VA, Fowler CJ. Value of sphincter EMG in the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. Muscle Nerve 1997; 20(11): 1396–1403.
33. Schwarz J, Kornhuber M, Bischoff C, Straube A. Electromyography of the external anal sphincter in patients with Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy: frequency of abnormal spontaneous activity and polyphasic motor unit potentials. Muscle Nerve 1997; 20(9): 1167–1172.
34. Vodusek DB. Sphincter EMG and differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord 2001; 16(4): 600–607.
35. Beck RO, Betts CD, Fowler CJ. Genitourinary dysfunction in multiple system atrophy: clinical features and treatment in 62 cases. J Urol 1994; 151(5): 1336–1341.
36. Libelius R, Johansson F. Quantitative electromyography of the external anal sphincter in Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy. Muscle Nerve 2000; 23(8): 1250–1256.
37. Valldeoriola F, Valls-Solé J, Tolosa ES, Marti MJ. Striated anal sphincter denervation in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy. Mov Disord 1995; 10(5): 550–555.
38. Podnar S, Vodusek DB, Stålberg E. Comparison of quantitative techniques in anal sphincter electromyography. Muscle Nerve 2002; 25(1): 83–92.
39. Hale DS, Benson JT, Brubaker L, Heidkamp MC, Russell B. Histologic analysis of needle biopsy of urethral sphincter from women with normal and stress incontinence with comparison of electromyographic findings. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 180(2): 342–348.
40. Fowler CJ, Christmas TJ, Chapple CR, Parkhouse HF, Kirby RS, Jacobs HS. Abnormal electromyographic activity of the urethral sphincter, voiding dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries: a new syndrome? BMJ 1988; 297(6661): 1436–1438.
41. Deindl FM, Vodusek DB, Bischoff C, Hofmann R, Hartung R. Dysfunctional voiding in women: which muscles are responsible? Br J Urol 1998; 82(6): 814–819.
42. Anderson RS. A neurogenic element to urinary genuine stress incontinence. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1984; 91(1): 41–45.
43. Smith AR, Hosker GL, Warrell DW. The role of partial denervation of the pelvic floor in the aetiology of genitourinary prolapse and stress incontinence of urine. A neurophysiological study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1989; 96(1): 24–28.
44. Dimpfl T, Jaeger C, Mueller-Felber W, Anthuber C, Hirsch A, Brandmaier R et al. Myogenic changes of the levator ani muscle in premenopausal women: the impact of vaginal delivery and age. Neurourol Urodyn 1998; 17(3): 197–205.
45. Allen RE, Hosker GL, Smith AR, Warrell DW. Pelvic floor damage and childbirth: a neurophysiological study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1990; 97(9): 770–779.
46. Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Bartram CI. Third degree obstetric anal sphincter tears: risk factors and outcome of primary repair. BMJ 1994; 308(6933): 887–891.
47. Wood J, Amos L, Rieger N. Third degree anal sphincter tears: risk factors and outcome. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1998; 38(4): 414–417.
48. Podnar S, Lukanovic A, Vodusek DB. Anal sphincter electromyography after vaginal delivery: neuropathic insufficiency or normal wear and tear? Neurourol Urodyn 2000; 19(3): 249–257.
49. Lubowski DZ, Swash M, Nicholls RJ, Henry MM. Increase in pudendal nerve terminal motor latency with defaecation straining. Br J Surg 1988; 75(11): 1095–1097.
50. Vaccaro CA, Cheong DM, Wexner SD, Nogueras JJ, Salanga VD, Hanson MR et al. Pudendal neuropathy in evacuatory disorders. Dis Colon Rectum 1995; 38(2): 166–171.
51. Vodusek DB, Zidar J. Pudendal nerve involvement in patients with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy. Acta Neurol Scand 1987; 76(6): 457–460.
52. Vodusek DB, Ravnik-Oblak M, Oblak C. Pudendal versus limb nerve electrophysiological abnormalities in diabetics with erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 1993; 5(1): 37–42.
53. Kunesch E, Reiners K, Müller-Mattheis V, Strohmeyer T, Ackermann R, Freund HJ. Neurological risk profile in organic erectile impotence. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992; 55(4): 275–281.
54. Lundberg PO, Brackett LB, Denys P. Neurological disorders: erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction. In: Jardin A, Wagner G, Khoury S et al (eds). Erectile Dysfunction. Plymouth: Plymbridge 2000.
Štítky
Dětská neurologie Neurochirurgie NeurologieČlánek vyšel v časopise
Česká a slovenská neurologie a neurochirurgie
![Číslo 2](https://www.prolekare.cz/media/cache/resolve/journal_issue/media/image_pdf/95f044898fc4c7aaf2330e8ea40e2756.jpeg)
2013 Číslo 2
- Metamizol jako analgetikum první volby: kdy, pro koho, jak a proč?
- Nejčastější nežádoucí účinky venlafaxinu během terapie odeznívají
- Moje zkušenosti s Magnosolvem podávaným pacientům jako profylaxe migrény a u pacientů s diagnostikovanou spazmofilní tetanií i při normomagnezémii - MUDr. Dana Pecharová, neurolog
- Pregabalin je účinné léčivo s příznivým bezpečnostním profilem pro pacienty s neuropatickou bolestí
Nejčtenější v tomto čísle
- Creutzfeldtova-Jakobova choroba
- Spinocerebelární ataxie typ 7 (SCA7) – kazuistika
- Lymeská borelióza jako příčina bilaterální neuroretinitidy s výraznou jednostrannou hvězdicovitou makulopatií u osmileté dívky
- Elektrofyziologické vyšetření pánevního dna