Určenie zhody v názoroch lekárov a lekárnikov na ich interprofesionálnu spoluprácu na Slovensku

English version

Autoři: Ladislav Dubán; Tomáš Fazekaš; Magdaléna Fulmeková; Miroslava Snopková; Anna Oleárová; Magdaléna Kuželová
Vyšlo v časopise: Čes. slov. Farm., 2017; 66, 67-75
Kategorie: Původní práce

Souhrn

Úvod:
Spolupráca všeobecných lekárov pre dospelých (ďalej len lekárov) a lekárnikov verejných lekární (ďalej len lekárnikov) má priaznivý vplyv na výsledky liečby pacientov. Napriek globálnym snahám o podporu a rozšírenie tejto spolupráce je stále veľa krajín, kde ešte k takýmto aktivitám nedošlo. O stave a spôsoboch spolupráce lekárov a lekárnikov na Slovensku zatiaľ nemáme žiadne dôkazy. Cieľom tejto práce je určenie stavu spolupráce lekárov a lekárnikov na Slovensku a identifikácia kľúčových faktorov, ktoré túto spoluprácu ovplyvňujú. Na základe týchto údajov určiť zhodu medzi týmito profesiami v otázkach ich vzájomnej spolupráce.

Metódy:
Dva paralelné dotazníky boli zostavené a elektronicky odoslané lekárom a lekárnikom na Slovensku. Otázky dotazníkov boli rozdelené do šiestich tém: skúsenosti so spoluprácou, postoje k tímovej práci, preferované metódy komunikácie, preferovaná náplň práce lekárnikov, očakávania od budúcej spolupráce a vnímané úskalia, brániace možnej spolupráci. Výsledky boli analyzované najskôr samostatne podľa proporcionálnych súhlasov jednotlivých profesií, následne hľadaním proporcionálnej zhody medzi profesiami.

Výsledky:
Z celkového množstva 670 rozoslaných dotazníkov (434 lekárom a 236 lekárnikom); lekári vyplnili a odoslali 347 (79,95 %) a lekárnici 181 (76,7 %). Úspešnosť odozvy dotazníkov bola 78,33 %. Ideálna zhoda v súhlasných názoroch lekárov a lekárnikov bola identifikovaná v(o):

preferencii spolupracovať osobne (p = 0,0001)
vnímaní pracovného zaradenia lekárnikov (p < 0,0001)
úskalí v vzájomnej spolupráci (p < 0,0001)
oblastiach ich vzájomnej spolupráce (p = 0,0468)

Väčšina respondentov potvrdila (bez proporcionálneho súhlasu) vyjadrenie, že spolupráca lekárov a lekárnikov prináša zlepšenie výsledkov liečby (71,3 % lekárnikov, 60,5 % lekárov); aj keď iba 15,5 % lekárnici a 17,6 % lekárov indikovalo, že by zvážili vzájomnú spoluprácu v budúcnosti.

Záver:
Participujúci lekári a lekárnici vzájomne uznali súčasné postavenie lekárnikov v systéme zdravotnej starostlivosti na Slovensku. Obidve profesie indikovali vzájomnú ochotu spolupracovať v nasledovných oblastiach: 1. konzultácie pacientom lekárnikmi a 2. zlepšovanie adherencie pacientov. Osobná forma komunikácie bola preferovaná obidvoma skupinami respondentov, čo je vnímané ako kľúčový faktor v snahe zlepšiť ich vzťahy (dôvera). Napriek tomu je v záujme vytvárania udržateľného tímového prostredia medzi týmito profesiami, potrebné brať do úvahy aj identifikované úskalia.

Kľúčové slová:
preferencie • vnímanie • bariéry • interprofesionálne • spolupráca • všeobecný lekár pre dospelých • lekárnik

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