#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Screening function of the pelvic floor muscles and prevalence of dysmenorrhea in women


Authors: Špringrová Palaščáková I. 1,2;  Němec M. 3;  Fasselová V. 1;  Mrázová M. 1
Authors‘ workplace: REHASPRING centrum, s. r. o., ambulantní zdravotnické zařízení fyzioterapie, centrum postgraduálního vzdělávání, akreditované pracoviště MZ ČR, Praha-Čelákovice 1;  Katedra rehabilitačních oborů, Fakulta zdravotnických studií, Západočeská univerzita v Plzni 2;  Gynekologicko-porodnické oddělení, Nemocnice ve Frýdku-Místku p. o., nositel akreditace EuroEndoCert pro diagnostiku a léčbu endometriózy 3
Published in: Rehabil. fyz. Lék., 31, 2024, No. 1, pp. 4-10.
Category: Original Papers
doi: https://doi.org/10.48095/ccrhfl 20244

Overview

The aim of this screening prevalence study was to evaluate pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function and the prevalence of dysmenorrhea in a population of parturient and non-parturient women. The PFM function was evaluated for its endurance, speed component, and ability to relax. This study also included evaluation of women‘s experience with PFM exercises, and the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and endometriosis. A total of 362 women were included in the study population, of which 297 (82%) were parturients and 65 women (18%) were non-parturients. The mean age of the study population was 37.4 ± 9.8 years. Measurements and data collection were performed at the workplaces of the non-state medical facility REHASPRING centre in Prague. The protocol of the gynaecological-urological concept of Palascak Pelvic Approach (PPA) for women was used to obtain the research data. The PERFECT-SM-R scale was used to evaluate the PFM function. PFM function values were recorded by per vaginam examination and biofeedback of PFM function using 2D ultrasound. According to the results of the data analysis, only 53% of the women studied in the supine position and 60% of the women in the standing position achieved the norm of the PFM endurance contraction function. For velocity contractions, 55% of the women in the supine position and 59% of the women in the standing position met the established norm. Dysmenorrhoea, a common symptom of endometriosis, is present in almost half of the women (48%), mostly in non-parents (74%). More than half of the women (53%) in our study group were unaware of the symptoms and the consequences of endometriosis. Only less than 20% of the women reported experience of PFM exercises.

Keywords:

Endometriosis – Dysmenorrhoea – pelvic floor muscles – PPA protocol – PERFECT-SM-R scale – gynaecolo-gical-urological physiotherapy


Sources

1. Flusberg M, Kobi M, Bahrami S et al. Multimodality imaging of pelvic floor anatomy. Abdom Radiol (New York) 2021; 46(4): 1302–1311. doi: 10.1007/ s00261-019-02235-5.

2. Hallock JL, Handa VL. The epidemiology of pelvic floor disorders and childbirth: an update. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2016; 43(1): 1–13. doi: 10.1016/ j.ogc.2015.10.008.

3. Kepenekci I, Keskinkilic B, Akinsu F et al. Prevalence of pelvic floor disorders in the female population and the impact of age, mode of delivery, and parity. Dis Colon Rectum 2011; 54(1): 85–94. doi: 10.1007/ DCR.0b013e3181fd2356.

4. Nygaard I, Barber MD, Burgio KL et al. Prevalence of symptomatic pelvic floor disorders in US women. JAMA 2008; 300(11): 1311–1316. doi: 10.1001/ jama.300.11.1311.

5. McKenna KA, Fogleman CD. Dysmenorrhea. Am Fam Physician 2021; 104(2): 164–170.

6. Latthe PM, Champaneria R, Khan KS. Dysmenorea. BMJ Clin Evid 2011; 2011: 0813.

7. Allen LM, Lam ACN. Premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in adolescents. Adolesc Med State Art Rev 2012; 23(1): 139–163.

8. Meggyesy M, Friese M, Gottschalk J et al. Case report of cerebellar endometriosis. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2020; 81(04):  372–376. doi: 10.1055/ s-0040-1701622.

9. Ciriaco P, Muriana P, Lembo R et al. Treatment of thoracic endometriosis syndrome: a meta-anal- ysis and review. Ann Thorac Surg 2022; 113(1): 324–336. doi: 10.1016/ j.athoracsur.2020.09.064.

10. Munjal I, Hafez E, Graham J. Splenic pathology on CT: a pictorial review. Clin Radiol 2019; 74(2): e15. doi: 10.1016/ j.crad.2019.09.080.

11. Laux-Biehlmann A, d’Hooghe T, Zollner TM. Menstruation pulls the trigger for inflammation and pain in endometriosis. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36(5): 270–276.

12. Ballard KD, Seaman HE, de Vries CS et al. Can symptomatology help in the diagnosis of endometriosis? Findings from a national case-control study – part 1. BJOG 2008; 115(11): 1382–1391. doi: 10.1111/ j.1471-0528.2008.01878.x.

13. Bonocher CM, Montenegro ML, Rosa E Silva JC et al. Endometriosis and physical exercises: a systematic review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12: 4. doi: 10.1186/ 1477-7827-12-4.

14. Fante JF, Silva TD, Mateus-Vasconcelos ECL et al. Do women have adequate knowledge about pelvic floor dysfunctions? A systematic review. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2019; 41(8):  508–519. doi: 10.1055/ s-0039-1695002.

15. Bordeianou L, Hicks CW, Olariu A et al. Effect of coexisting pelvic floor disorders on fecal incontinence quality of life scores: a prospective, survey-based study. Dis Colon Rectum 2015; 58(11):  1091–1097. doi: 10.1097/ DCR.000000000 0000459.

16. Verbeek M, Hayward L. Pelvic floor dysfunction and its effect on quality of sexual life. Sex Med Rev 2019; 7(4): 559–564. doi: 10.1016/  j.sxmr.2019.05.007.

17. Berzuk K, Shay B. Effect of increasing awareness of pelvic floor muscle function on pelvic floor dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial. Int Urogynecol J 2015; 26(6): 837–844. doi: 10.1007/ s00192-014-2599-z.

18. Wu JM, Hundley AF, Fulton GH et al. Forecasting the prevalence of pelvic floor disorders in US Women: 2010 to 2050. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 114(6): 1278–1283. doi: 10.1097/ AOG.0b013e3 181c2ce96.

19. Palaščáková Špringrová I. Výsledky fyzioterapie dysfunkcí svalů pánevního dna. Prakt Gyn 2015; 19 (Suppl): S15–S17.

20. Palaščáková Špringrová I. Rehabilitace pánevního dna při močové inkontinenci. In: Švihra J (ed). Inkontinencia moču. Martin: Osveta 2012.

21. Laycock JO, Jerwood D. Pelvic floor muscle assessment: the PERFECT scheme. Physiother 2001; 87(12): 631–642. doi: 10.1016/ S0031-9406(05)6 1108-X.

22. Faubion SS, Shuster LT, Bharucha AE. Recognition and management of nonrelaxing pelvic floor dysfunction. Mayo Clin Proc 2012; 87(2): 187–193. doi: 10.1016/ j.mayocp.2011.09.004.

23. Messelink B, Benson T, Berghmans B. Standardization of terminology of pelvic floor muscle function and dysfunction: report from the pelvic floor clinical assessment group of the International Continence Society. Neurourol Urodyn 2005; 24(4): 374–380. doi: 10.1002/ nau.20144.

24. Reed H, Waterfield A, Freeman RM et al. Bladder neck mobility in continent nulliparous women: normal references. Int Urogynecol J 2002; 13: S4.

25. Brandt FT, Albuquerque CD, Lorenzato FR et al. Perineal assessment of urethrovesical junction mobility in young continent females. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2000; 11(1): 18–22. doi: 10.1007/ s001920050005.

26. Martan A, Masata J, Halaska M et al. The effect of increasing of intra-abdominal pressure on the position of the bladder neck in ultrasound imaging [abstract]. Annual Meeting of the International Continence Society 2001, Seoul, Korea.

27. King JK, Freeman RM. Is antenatal bladder neck mobility a risk factor for postpartum stress incontinence? Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998; 105(12): 1300–1307. doi: 10.1111/  j.1471-0528.1998.tb10009.x.

28. Palaščáková Špringrová I, Mrázová M, Dupalová D et al. Vliv biofeedbacku na aktivaci svalů pánevního dna. Rehabil Fyz Lék 2022; 29(3): 122–129. doi: 10.48095/ ccrhfl2022122.

29. Omodei MS, Marques Gomes Delmanto LR, Carvalho-Pessoa E et al. Association between pelvic floor muscle strength and sexual function in postmenopausal women. J Sex Med 2019; 16(12): 1938–1946. doi: 10.1016/ j.jsxm.2019.09.014.

30. Palaščáková Špringrová I, Čaňová J, Hnojská V. Screeningová studie funkce svalů pánevního dna u žen. Rehabilitácia 2021; 58(2): 145–151.

31. Palmezoni VP, Santos MD, Pereira JM et al. Pelvic floor muscle strength in primigravidae and non-pregnant nulliparous women: a comparative study. Int Urogynecol J 2017; 28(1): 131–137. doi: 10.1007/ s00192-016-3088-3.

32. Da Roza T, Mascarenhas T, Araujo M et al. Oxford Grading Scale vs manometer for assessment of pelvic floor strength in nulliparous sports students. Physiotherapy 2013; 99(3):  207–211. doi: 10.1016/ j.physio.2012.05.014.

33. Tosun G, Peker N, Tosun ÖÇ et al. Pelvic floor muscle function and symptoms of dysfunctions in midwives and nurses of reproductive age with and without pelvic floor dysfunction. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 58(4): 505–513. doi: 10.1016/ j.tjog.2019.05.014.

34. Yani MS, Eckel SP, Kirages DJ et al. Impaired ability to relax pelvic floor muscles in men with chronic prostatitis/ chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Phys Ther 2022; 102(7): pzac059. doi: 10.1093/ ptj/ pzac059.

35. Youssef A, Brunelli E, Pilu G et al. The maternal pelvic floor and labor outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2021; 3(6): 100452. doi: 10.1016/ j.ajogmf.2021.100452.

36. Tennfjord, Merete Kolberg, Gabrielsen R et al. Effect of physical activity and exercise on endometriosis-associated symptoms: a systematic review. BMC womens Health 2021; 21(1): 355. doi: 10.1186/ s12905-021-01500-4.

37. Gonçalves AV, Barros NF, Bahamondes L. The practice of hatha yoga for the treatment of pain associated with endometriosis. J Altern Complement Med 2017; 23(1): 45–52. doi: 10.1089/ acm.2015.0343.

38. Friggi Sebe Petrelluzzi K, Garcia MC, Petta CA et al. Physical therapy and psychological intervention normalize cortisol levels and improve vitality in women with endometriosis. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol 2012; 33(4): 191–198. doi: 10.3109/ 0167482X.2012.729625.

39. Basnet R. Impact of pelvic floor muscle training in pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J 2021; 32(6): 1351–1360. doi: 10.1007/ s001 92-020-04613-w.

40. Del Forno S, Arena A, Alessandrini M et al. Transperineal ultrasound visual feedback assisted pelvic floor muscle physiotherapy in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis and dyspareunia: a pilot study. J Sex Marital Ther 2020; 46(7):  603–611. doi: 10.1080/ 009262 3X.2020.1765057.

41. LaCross J, Proulx L, Brizzolara K et al. Effect of rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) biofeedback on improving pelvic floor muscle function in individuals with stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review. J Womens Health Phys Therap 2021; 45(4): 174–189. doi: 10.1097/ JWH.0000000000000217.

42. Mathé M, Valancogne G, Atallah A et al. Early pelvic floor muscle training after obstetrical anal sphincter injuries for the reduction of anal incontinence. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016; 199: 201–206. doi: 10.1016/ j.ejogrb.2016.01.025.

Doručeno/ Submitted: 13. 9. 2023
Přijato/
 Accepted: 30. 11. 2023

Korespondenční autor:
PhDr. Ingrid Palaščáková Špringrová, Ph.D.
REHASPRING centrum, s. r. o.
Akreditované pracoviště MZ ČR
Krajní 2075
250 88 Praha-Čelákovice
e-mail: palascakova@rehaspring.cz

Labels
Physiotherapist, university degree Rehabilitation Sports medicine
Topics Journals
Login
Forgotten password

Enter the email address that you registered with. We will send you instructions on how to set a new password.

Login

Don‘t have an account?  Create new account

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#