#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Prevention of TEN in surgery, prolonged thromboprophylaxis


Authors: Z. Krška
Authors‘ workplace: I. chirurgická klinika 1. LF UK a VFN v Praze, přednosta: prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Krška, CSc.
Published in: Rozhl. Chir., 2012, roč. 91, č. 5, s. 256-261.
Category: Review

Hluboká žilní trombóza (HŽT) a její konsekvence jsou jednou z nejčastějších příčin morbidity a mortality operovaných pacientů, u kterých dochází ke kumulaci rizikových faktorů pro její vznik. V obecné chirurgii byl její výskyt potvrzen u 10–40 % pacientů po operaci bez profylaxe, po velkých ortopedických operacích až u 60 %. Profylaxe je základním prvkem strategie aktivních opatření vůči závažným tromboembolickým komplikacím.

Overview

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and its consequences are the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in operated patients, in whom the risk factors for its onset are accumulated. In general surgery, its occurrence was confirmed in 10–40% of operated patients with no prophylaxis, while after major orthopaedic procedures, the rate was up to 60% of patients. Prophylaxis is a fundamental element of the whole strategy of all active measures in prevention of thromboembolic complications. The authors present current methodology of TEN prophylaxis, including a long-term administration, which is accepted by most countries and expert societies, across all branches of surgery.

Key words:
thromboembolic disease – prophylaxis – deep vein thrombosis


Sources

1. Trousseau A. Lectures on clinical medicine (delivered at the Hotel-Dieu, Paris, France). The New Syndeham Society, London, 1872:282–332.

2. Rickles FR, Levine M, Edwards RL. Hemostatic alterations in cancer patients. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1992;11(3-4):237–48.

3. Stein PD, Beemath A, Meyers FA, et al. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients hospitalized with cancer. Am J Med 2006;119(1):60–8.

4. Lee AY, Levine M. Venous thromboembolism and cancer: risks and outcomes. Circulation, 2003;107(23 Suppl 1):17–21.

5. Bergqvist D. Venous thromboembolism and cancer: prevention of VTE. Thromb Res 2001;102(6):V209-13.

6. Kakkar AK, Haas S, Wolf H, Encke A. Evaluation of perioperative fatal pulmonary embolism and death in cancer surgical patients: the MC-4 cancer substudy. Thromb Haemost 2005; 94(4):867–71.

7. Blom JW, Doggen CJM, Osanto S. Malignancies, Prothrombotic Mutations, and the Risk of Venous Thromobsis. JAMA 2005;293(6):715–722.

8. Leizorovicz A, Mismetti P. Preventing venous thromboembolism in medical patients. Circulation 2004;110:874–879.

9. Turpie AGG. Thrombosis prophylaxis in the acutely ill medical patient: insights from the prophylaxis in medical patients with enoxaparin (MEDENOX) trial. Am J Cardiol 2000;86 (12B):48–52.

10. Bergqvist D, Agnelli G, Cohen AT, et al. Duration of prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism with enoxaparin after surgery for cancer. N Engl J Med 2002;346(13):975–80.

11. Rasmussen MS, Jorgensen L, Wille-Jorgensen P, et al. Prolonged prophylaxis with dalteparin to prevent late thromboembolic complications in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a multicenter randomized open-label study. J Thromb Haemost 2006;4(11):2384–90.

12. Cohen AT, Tapson V, Bergmann JF, et al. Venous thromboembolism risk and prophylaxis in the acute hospital care setting (ENDORSE study): a multinational cross-sectional study. Lancet 2008;371(9610):387–94.

13. Geerts WH, Bergqvist D, Pineo GF, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest 2008;133:381–453.

14. Van Aken BE, den Heijer M, Bos GM, et al. Recurrent venous thrombosis and markers of inflammation. Thromb Haemost 2000;83(4):536–9.

15. Battistelli S, Stefanoni M, Genovese A. Prevalence of factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A in patients with gastric cancer. Worlds J Gatroenterol 2006;12(26):4179–4180.

16. Pihusch R, Danzl G, Scholz M, et al. Impact of thrombophilic gene mutations on thrombosis risk in patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma. Cancer 2002;94(12):3120–6.

17. Young E, et al. Heparin binding to plasma proteins, an important mechanism for heparin resistance. Thromb Haemost 1992;67(6):639–43.

18. Gruys E, Toussaint M, Niewold TA. Koopmans SJ, Acute phase reaction and acute phase proteins. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2005;6(11):1045–56.

19. Hirsh J, Bauer KA, Donati MB, et al. American College of Chest Physicians, Parenteral anticoagulants: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest 2008;133(6 suppl):141S–159S.

20. Lyman GH, Khorana AA, Falenga A, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline: recommendations for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007.

21. Geerts WH, Bergqvist D, Pineo GF, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. (8th edition). Chest 2008.

22. NCCN (National Comprehensive Cancer Network) Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.Venous Thromboembolic Disease 2008 http://nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF.

23. NIH Consensus Statements, 1986;6:1–8; International Consensus Statement 1997. Prevention of venous thromboembolism. Int Angiol 1997;16:3–38.

24. Lensing AW. Treatment of deep venous thrombosis with low-molecular-weight heparins. A metaanalysis. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155:601–601.

25. Lopaciuk S, et al. Low molecular weight heparin versus acenocoumarol in the secondary prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis. Thromb haemost 1999;81,1:26–31.

26. Siragusa S, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin and unfractionated heparin administered in the treatment of patients with acute venous thromboembolism: results of meta-analysis. AmJ Med 1996;100:269–277.

27. Treatment of venous thrombosis with intravenous unfractionated heparin administered in the hospital as compared with subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin administered at home. The TASMAN study group. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:682–687.

28. Bara L, et al. Occurrence of thrombosis and haemorrhage, relationship with anti-Xa, antiIIa activities, and D-dimer plasma level in patients receiving a low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin or tinzaparin, to prevent deep vein thrombosis after hip surgery. Br J Haematol 1999;104:230–240.

29. Huber O, et al. Postoperative pulmonary embolism after hospital discharge: an underestimated risk. Arch Surg 1992;127:310–313.

30. Cohen M. A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin for unstable coronary artery disease. The New England Journal of Medicine 1997;337:447–452.

31. Agnelli G, Sonaglia F. Prevention of venous thromboembolism. Thrombosis Research 97,V49-V62,2000.

32. Kakkar AK, Williamson RCN. Prevention of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients. Semin Thromb Haemost 1999;25:2.

33. Blanchard J, et al. Prevention of deep-vein thrombosis after total knee replacement. Randomised comparison between a low-molecular-weight heparin and mechanical prophylaxis with a foot-pump system. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1999;81:654–659.

34. Krška Z. Tromboembolická nemoc v chirurgii. Galén, 1998:166.

35. Turpie AGG, et al. A synthetic pentasaccharide for the prevention of deep-vein thrombosis after total hip replacement. N Engl J Med 2001;344/9:619–625.

36. Clagett GP, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism. Chest 1998;114:531S–560S.

37. Walenga JM, et al. Biochemical and pharmacologic rationale for the development of a synthetic heparin pentasaccharide. Throm res 1997;86:1–36.

38. Kvasnička J. Hereditary thrombophilias- recommendations for genetic testing in the clinical praxis. Cas Lek Cesk 2010;149 (10):468–71. Review Czech.

Labels
Surgery Orthopaedics Trauma surgery
Topics Journals
Login
Forgotten password

Enter the email address that you registered with. We will send you instructions on how to set a new password.

Login

Don‘t have an account?  Create new account

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#