Psychomotor Speed and Speed of Searching in Semantic Memory
Authors:
M. Kopeček 1,2,3; H. Štěpánková 1
Authors‘ workplace:
Psychiatrické centrum Praha
1; Klinika psychiatrie a lékařské psychologie 3. LF UK a FNKV, Praha
2; Center for Excellence for Research & Treatment Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
3
Published in:
Čas. Lék. čes. 2008; 147: 44-48
Category:
Original Article
Overview
Background.
The aim of the study was to assess relations among psychomotor speed, speed of searching from semantic memory and aging using simple bedside tests.
Methods and Results.
We included 95 healthy volunteers with mean age 45.8 ± 17 years (min. 20, max. 80 years) to this study. We measured time in the short version of semantic fluency test (recite 12 animals) and in 2 tests of psychomotor tempo. We detected significant slowing in all tests (ANOVA, p < 0.001) during aging.
Conclusions.
Slowing of psychomotor speed and searching in semantic memory were detected during physiological aging. Further research is necessary to clarify, if these fast and easy tests will be useful in screening for dementia in clinical practice.
Key words:
psychomotor speed, semantic fluency, information-processing, neuropsychology, aging.
Sources
1. Kutas, M., McCarthy, G., Donchin, E.: Augmenting mental chronometry: The P300 as a measure of stimulus evaluation time. Science, 1977, 197, s. 792–795.
2. Donders, F. C.: On the speed of mental processes. Acta Psychologova, 1969, 30, s. 412–431.
3. Kopeček, M., Kuncová, A.: Efekt nácviku generování slov a testování alternativní verze. Pilotní studie. Psychiatrie, 2006, 10, s. 211–215.
4. Preiss, M., Kalivodová, Z., Kundrátová, I. et al.: Test verbální fluence – vodítka pro všeobecnou dospělou populaci. Psychiatrie, 2002, 6, s. 74–77.
5. Kopeček, M.: Jak měřit psychomotorické tempo? Psychiatrie pro praxi, 2007, 8, s. 213-315.
6. Lindenberger, U., Mayr, U., Kliegl, R.: Speed and intelligence in old age. Psychol Aging, 1993, 8, s. 207–220.
7. Salthouse, T. A.: The Processing–Speed Theory of Adult Age Differences in Cognition. Psychological. Review, 1996, 103, s. 403–428.
8. Kopeček, M., Preiss, M., Štepánková, H.: Psychomotorické tempo a rychlost vyhledávání v paměti v průběhu fyziologického stárnutí. Psychiatrie, 2007, 11 (Suppl. 2), s. 39–41.
9. Baldo, J. V., Schwartz, S., Wilkins, D., Dronkers, N. F.: Role of frontal versus temporal cortex in verbal fluency as revealed by voxel–based lesion symptom mapping. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc., 2006, 12, s. 896–900.
10. Henry, J. D., Crawford J. R.: A meta-analytic review of verbal fluency performance following focal cortical lesions. Neuropsychology, 2004, 18, s. 284–295.
11. Canning, S. J., Leach, L., Stuss, D. et al.: Diagnostic utility of abbreviated fluency measures in Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia. Neurology, 2004, 62, s. 556–562.
12. Jones, S., Laukka E. J., Bäckman, L.: Differential verbal fluency deficits in the preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Cortex, 2006, 42, s. 347–355.
13. Henry, J. D., Crawford, J. R., Phillips, L. H.: Verbal fluency performance in dementia of the Alzheimer’s type: a meta-analysis. Neuropsychologia, 2004, 42, s. 1212–1222.
14. Grieve, S. M., Williams, L. M., Paul, R. H. et al.: Cognitive aging, executive function, and fractional anisotropy: a diffusion tensor MR imaging study. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., 2007, 28, s. 226–235.
15. Kilada, S., Gamaldo, A., Grant, E. A. et al.: Brief screening tests for the diagnosis of dementia: comparison with the mini–mental state exam. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord., 2005, 19, s. 8–16.
16. Topinková, E., Jirák, R., Kožený, J.: Krátká neurokognitivní baterie pro screening demence v klinické praxi: sedmiminutový screeningový test. Neurologie pro Praxi, 2002, 6, s. 323–328.
17. Knottnerus, J. A., van Weel, C., Muris, J. W.: Evaluation of diagnostic procedures. BMJ, 2002, 324, s. 477–480.
18. Vandenberghe, R., Tournoy, J.: Cognitive aging and Alzheimer‘s disease. Postgrad Med. J., 2005, 81, s. 343–352.
19. Zhou, X., Chen, C., Zhang, H. et al.: Neural substrates for forward and backward recitation of numbers and the alphabet: a close examination of the role of intraparietal sulcus and perisylvian areas. Brain Res., 2006, 1099, s. 109–120.
20. Bookheimer, S. Y., Zeffiro, T. A., Blaxton, T. A. et al.: Activation of language cortex with automatic speech tasks. Neurology, 2000, 55, s. 1151–1157.
21. http://www2.czso.cz/csu/2003edicniplan.nsf/t/F6002AC9D6/ $File/411303a3.pdf
22. Brucki, S. M., Rocha, M. S.: Category fluency test: effects of age, gender and education on total scores, clustering and switching in Brazilian Portuguese–speaking subjects. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 2004, 37, s. 1771–1777.
23. Joy, S., Fein, D., Kaplan, E.: Decoding digit symbol: speed, memory, and visual scanning. Assessment, 2003, 10, s. 56–65.
24. Fleisher, A. S., Sowell, B. B., Taylor, C. et al.: Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study. Clinical predictors of progression to Alzheimer disease in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Neurology, 2007, 68, s. 1588–1595.
25. Tabert, M. H., Manly, J. J., Liu, X. et al.: Neuropsychological prediction of conversion to Alzheimer disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 2006, 63, s. 916–924.
26. Connelly, P. J., Prentice, N. P., Fowler, K. G.: Predicting the outcome of cholinesterase inhibitor treatment in Alzheimer’s disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 2005, 76, s. 320–324.
27. Elkins, J. S., Knopman, D. S., Yaffe, K., Johnston, S. C.: Cognitive function predicts first–time stroke and heart disease. Neurology, 2005, 64, s. 1750–1755.
28. Pavlik, V. N., de Moraes, S. A., Szklo, M. et al.: Relation between cognitive function and mortality in middle–aged adults: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Am. J. Epidemiol., 2003, 157, s. 327–334.
Labels
Addictology Allergology and clinical immunology Angiology Audiology Clinical biochemistry Dermatology & STDs Paediatric gastroenterology Paediatric surgery Paediatric cardiology Paediatric neurology Paediatric ENT Paediatric psychiatry Paediatric rheumatology Diabetology Pharmacy Vascular surgery Pain management Dental HygienistArticle was published in
Journal of Czech Physicians
Most read in this issue
- Essential Hypertension – Syndrome, or Compensatory Mechanism
- Preoperative Preparation and Examinations Before Scheduled Cardiosurgical Intervention
- Psychomotor Speed and Speed of Searching in Semantic Memory
- Clinical Utility of Bone Markers in the Evaluation and Follow-up in Patients with Neoplastic Bone Diseases