Inflammation and vascular diseases

Czech version

Authors: Debora Karetová; Jan Bultas
Authors‘ workplace: Ústav farmakologie 3. LF UK Praha ; II. interní klinika kardiologie a angiologie 1. LF UK a VFN Praha
Published in: Vnitř Lék 2022; 68(5): 309-314
Category: Review Articles
doi: https://doi.org/10.36290/vnl.2022.065

Overview

Chronic venous disease and cardiovascular atherothrombotic diseases have a high prevalence worldwide. The aetiopathogenesis of both these vascular conditions may share certain aetiopathogenetic moments. Abnormal blood flow, altered intravascular tension, and subsequent endothelial dysfunction may all play an important role. Another plausible alternative is the correlation of some risk factors of both diseases, in particular obesity and metabolic syndrome with all its components and an impact on atherogenesis as well as chronic venous disease. The relationship may even be causal, that is a chronic vessel wall inflammation which is present in advanced venous insufficiency might accelerate atherogenesis. On the other hand, altered haemodynamics in right ventricular dysfunction with a subsequent elevation in venous pressure can worsen or induce venous insufficiency, and/or undoubtedly cause symptoms and signs typical of chronic venous disease. As suggested by the findings published recently in the Gutenberg Health Study, particularly its subanalysis regarding the relationship of venous disease and cardiovascular diseases, the venous and arterial beds can be affected by common aetiopathogenetic factors or both the systems can interfere with each other.

Keywords:

Atherosclerosis – inflammation – chronic venous disease – atherothrombosis – Gutenberg Health Study

Sources

1. Geovanini GR, Libby P. Atherosclerosis and inflammation: overview and updates. Clin Sci (Lond). 2018 Jun 21;132(12):1243-1252. doi: 10.1042/CS20180306.

2. Bai B, Yang Y, Wang Q, Li M, Tian C, Liu Y, Aung LHH, Li PF, Yu T, Chu XM. NLRP3 inflammasome in endothelial dysfunction. Cell Death, DiS. 2020 Sep 18;11(9):776. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-02985-x.

3. Marchio P, Guerra‑Ojeda S, Vila JM et al, Targeting Early Atherosclerosis: A Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019 Jul 1;2019:8563845.

4. Sanz M, Del Castillo AM, Jepsen S, et al. Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases. Consensus Report. Glob Heart. 2020;15(1):1.

5. Dietrich T, Sharma P, Walter C et al. The epidemiological evidence behind the association between periodontitis and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2013;40:S70-84

6. Garshick MS, Ward NL, Krueger JG et al. Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Psoriasis: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(13):1670-1680.

7. Wu JJ, Poon KY, Channual JC, Shen AY. Association between tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy and myocardial infarction risk in patients with psoriasis. Arch Dermatol 2012;148:1244-50.

8. Ridker, PM et al. Antiinflammatory therapy with canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease. N Engl J Med. 2017; 377:1119-1131.

9. Tardif JC. et al. Efficacy and safety of low- dose colchicine after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:2497-2505.

10. Nidorf SM, Eikelboom JW, Budgeon CA et al. Low- dose colchicine for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:404-410.

11. Nidorf SM et al. Colchicine in patients with chronic coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:1838-1847.

12. Tisato V, Zauli G, Voltan R et al. Endothelial cells obtained from patients affected by chronic venous disease exhibit a pro‑inflammatory phenotype. PLoS ONE 2012, 7, e39543.

13. Raffetto JD, Mannello F. Pathophysiology of chronic venous disease. Int Angiol. 2014;33(3):212-221.

14. Kaur R, Kaur M, Singh J. Endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus: molecular insights and therapeutic strategies. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018;17:121.

15. Reka IE, Imre M. Socio‑demographic Characteristics of Patients Diagnosed with Advanced Chronic Venous Insufficiency (C4-C6) Correlated with Clinical and Para‑clinical Findings. Acta Marisiensis Ser Medica. 2015;61:94-99.

16. Singer AJ, Tassiopoulos A, Kirsner RS. Evaluation and Management of Lower‑Extremity Ulcers. N Engl J Med 2017;377:1559-1567.

17. Saxton SN, Clark BJ, Withers SB, Eringa EC, Heagerty AM. Mechanistic Links Between Obesity, Diabetes, and Blood Pressure: Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Physiol Rev 2019;99:1701-1763.

18. Prochaska JH, Arnold N, Falcke A, Kopp S, Schulz A, Buch G, Moll S, PanovaNoeva M, Junger C, Eggebrecht L, Pfeiffer N, Beutel M, Binder H, Grabbe S, Lackner KJ, Cate‑Hoek A, Espinola‑Klein C, Munzel T, Wild PS. Chronic venous insufficiency, cardiovascular disease, and mortality: a population study. Eur Heart J 2021;doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab495