Non-image forming effects of light: chronobiologic therapy

Czech version

Authors: A. Fuksa
Published in: Geriatrie a Gerontologie 2017, 6, č. 2: 87-90
Category: Review Article

Overview

Non-image forming effects of light such as melatonin decrease, shift of circadian phase or alteration of circadian amplitude are mediated by a little-known type of photoreceptor – intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). These are matched to properties of outdoor light and allow mammals to synchronize their circadian rhythm to 24-hour period of day/night cycle. With exceptions, artificial lighting in buildings does not exceed the threshold of this effect. The need of light grows with age. Weak stimulus may lead to loss of synchronization. Properly-timed (morning) light of suitable intensity (thousands of lux) and appropriate spectral composition (cold tone) may supplement the missing light information and re-establish the synchronization. Bright light is used therapeutically to treat for example depression or seasonal affective disorder. As an environmental measure, bright light is used in medical and nursing facilities.

KEYWORDS:
phototherapy – chronobiology – photosensitive retinal ganglion cells – circadian rhythm – depression – dementia – Alzheimer´s disease

Sources

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Article was published in

Geriatrics and Gerontology

2017 Issue 2