The role of nutrition in prevention of cognitive decline in the old age.

1. Middleton LE, Yaffe K. Promising strategies for the prevention of dementia. Arch Neurol 2009; 66(10):1210–1215.

2. Gustafson DR, Morris MC, Scarmeas N, et al. New Perspectives on Alzheimer’s Disease and Nutrition. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 2015; 46(4): 1111–1127.

3. Besser LM, Gill DP, Monsell SE, et al. Body mass index, weight change, and clinical progression in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2014; 28(1):36–43.

4. Droogsma E, van Asselt DZB, Scholzel-Dorenbos CJM, et al. Nutritional status of community-dwelling elderly with newly diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease: prevalence of malnutrition and the relation of various factors to nutritional status. J Nutr Health Aging 2013; 17(7): 606–10.

5. Vellas B, Lauque S, Gillette-Guyonnet S, et al. Impact of nutritional status on the evolution of Alzheimer’s disease and on response to acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment. J Nutr Health Aging 2005; 9(2): 75–80.

6. Navrátilová M, Jarkovský J, Hamrová M, Leonard B. Alzheimer Disease: Malnutrition and Nutritional Support - comprative and intervention study. Vnitř lék 2007; 53(9): 53–54

7. Trushina E, Dutta T, Persson X-MT, et al. Identification of altered metabolic pathways in plasma and CSF in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease using metabolomics. PLoS One 2013; 8(5): e63644.

8. Lopes da Silva S, Vellas B, Elemenas S, et al. Plasma nutrient status of patients with Alzheimer’s disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Alzheimers Dement 2014;10(4): 485–502.

9. Sofi F, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Casini A. Accruing evidence on benefits of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on health: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 92(5): 1189–1196.

10. Feart C, Peres K, Samieri C, et al., Adherence to a Mediterranean diet, cognitive decline, and risk of dementia. JAMA 2009; 302(6): 638–648.

11. Tangney CC, Kwasny MJ, Hong Li, et al. Adherence to a Mediterranean-type dietary pattern and cognitive decline in a community population. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93(3): 601–607.

12. Wengreen H, Munger RG, Cutler A, et al. Prospective study of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension- and Mediterranean-style dietary patterns and age-related cognitive change: the Cache County Study on Memory, Health and Aging. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98(5): 1263–1271.

13. Psaltopoulou T, Sergentanis TN, Panagiotakos DB, et al., Mediterranean diet, stroke, cognitive impairment, and depression: A meta-analysis. Ann Neurol 2013;74(4): 580–591.

14. Singh, B et al.,Association of mediterranean diet with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 39(2): 271–282.

15. Martinez-Lapiscina EH, Clavero P, Toledo E, et al., Mediterranean diet improves cognition: the PREDIMED-NAVARRA randomised trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2013; 84(12): 1318–1325.

16. Ngandu T, Lehtisalo J, Solomon A, et al. A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2015; 385(9984): 2255–2263.

17. Lang I, Wallace RB, Huppert F, Melzer D. Moderate alcohol consumption in older adults is associated with better cognition and well-being than abstinence. Age Ageing 2007; 36(3): 256–261.

18. Stampfer MJ, Kang HJ, Chen J, et al., Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on cognitive function in women. N Engl J Med 2005; 352(3): 245–253.

19. Downer B, Zanjani F, Fardo DW. The relationship between midlife and late life alcohol consumption, APOE e4 and the decline in learning and memory among older adults. Alcohol Alcohol 2014; 49(1):17–22.

20. Harrison FE. A critical review of vitamin C for the prevention of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 29(4):711–726.

21. Joshi YB, Pratico D. Vitamin E in aging, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. Biofactors 2012; 38(2): 90–97.

22. Dysken MW Sano M, Asthana, S et al. Effect of vitamin E and memantine on functional decline in Alzheimer disease: the TEAM-AD VA cooperative randomized trial. JAMA 2014; 311(1):33–44.

23. Morris MS, Selhub J, Jacques PF. Vitamin B-12 and folate status in relation to decline in scores on the mini-mental state examination in the Framingham heart study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012; 60(8):1457–1464.

24. Malouf R., Grimley Evans J. The effect of vitamin B6 on cognition. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;(4): p. CD004393.

25. Aisen PS, Schneider LS, Sano M, et al. High-dose B vitamin supplementation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2008; 300(15): 1774–1783

26. Anastasiou CA, Yannakoulia M, Scarmeas N. Vitamin D and cognition: an update of the current evidence. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 42 Suppl 3: S71–80.

27. Annweiler C, Dursun E, Feron F, et al. ‘Vitamin D and cognition in older adults’: updated international recommendations. J Intern Med 2015; 277(1): 45–57.

28. Snitz BE,O´Meara ES, Carlson MC, et al. Ginkgo biloba for preventing cognitive decline in older adults: a randomized trial. JAMA 2009; 302(24): 2663–2670.

29. Vellas B, Coley N, Ousset PJ, et al. Long-term use of standardised Ginkgo biloba extract for the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease (GuidAge): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11(10): 851–859.

30. Birks J, Grimley Evans J. Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; (1): p. CD003120.

31. Polidori MC, Pratico D, Mangialasche F, et al. High fruit and vegetable intake is positively correlated with antioxidant status and cognitive performance in healthy subjects. J Alzheimers Dis 2009; 17(4): 921–927.

32. Zanotta D, Puricelli S, Bonoldi G. Cognitive effects of a dietary supplement made from extract of Bacopa monnieri, astaxanthin, phosphatidylserine, and vitamin E in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a noncomparative, exploratory clinical study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10: 225–230.

33. Cederholm T, Palmblad J. Are omega-3 fatty acids options for prevention and treatment of cognitive decline and dementia? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2010; 13(2): 150–155.

34. Freund-Levi Y, Eriksdotter-Jönhagen M, Cederholm T, et al., Omega-3 fatty acid treatment in 174 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: OmegAD study: a randomized double-blind trial. Arch Neurol 2006; 63(10):1402–1408.

35. Sinn N, Milte CM, Street S, et al. Effects of n-3 fatty acids, EPA v. DHA, on depressive symptoms, quality of life, memory and executive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a 6-month randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2012; 107(11): 1682–1693.

36. Wandevoude M, Barber-Gateau P, Cederholm T, et al. Healthy brain ageing and cognition: nutritional factors. Eur Ger Med 2016, DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2015.12.005

37. Mecocci P, Tinarelli C, Schulz RJ, Polidori MC. Nutraceuticals in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5: 147. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00147

38. Scheltens P, Kamphuis PJ, Verhey FR, et al., Efficacy of a medical food in mild Alzheimer’s disease: A randomized, controlled trial. Alzheimers Dement, 2010. 6(1): 1-10 e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2009.10.003.

39. Scheltens P, Twisk JWR, Blesa R, et al. Efficacy of Souvenaid in mild Alzheimer’s disease: results from a randomized, controlled trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 31(1): 225–236.

40. Olde Rikkert MGM, Verhey FR, Blesa R, et al. Tolerability and safety of souvenaid in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease: results of multi-center, 24-week, open-label extension study. J Alz Dis 2014. DOI: 10.3233/JAD-141305