Glucose management indicator (GMI) and its relationship to glycated haemoglobin
Authors:
A. Frühaufová 1; P. Krollová 2; J. Urbanová 3; J. Michalec 2; J. Brož 2
Authors‘ workplace:
Oddělení primární péče FN Motol, Praha, Primář: MUDr. Jaroslava Kulhánková
1; Interní klinika 2. LF UK a FN Motol, Praha, Přednosta: prof. MUDr. Radan Keil, Ph. D.
2; Centrum pro výzkum diabetu, metabolismu a výživy, Interní klinika 3. LF UK a FNKV, Praha, Přednosta: prof. MUDr. Ivan Rychlík, CSc., FASN, FERA
3
Published in:
Prakt. Lék. 2023; 103(2): 51-54
Category:
Reviews
Overview
Continuous glucose monitoring is a significant benefit in care of patients with diabetes. By using CGM systems, a variety of new parameters, such as “glucose management indicator ” (GMI), were established to describe glycaemic control of patients. GMI can in some ways imitate glycated haemoglobin, but is not always easily interchangeable.
Keywords:
continuous glucose monitoring – glycated haemoglobin – glucose management indicator – GMI
Sources
1. Urbanová J, Brunnerová L, Brož J. Hidden MODY – Looking for a Needle in a Haystack. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9: 355. Dostupné z: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ fendo.2018.00355/full [cit. 2023-03-19].
2. Urbanová J, Brunerová L, Brož J. Diagnostika MODY v ordinaci praktického lékaře. Prakt. Lék. 2018; 98(4): 153–157.
3. Brož J, Malinovská J, Nunes MA, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes and its risk factors in adults aged 25–64 in the Czech Republic: A cross-sectional study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 170: 108470.
4. Brož J, Janíčková Žďárská D, Urbanová J, a kol. Current level of glycemic control and clinical inertia in subjects using insulin for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic: results of a multinational, multicenter, observational survey (DIAINFORM). Diabetes Ther 2018; 9(5): 1897–1906. Dostupné z: https://link.springer.com/ article/10.1007/s13300-018-0485-2 [cit. 2023-03-19].
5. Holubová A, Vlasáková M, Mužík J, Brož J. Customizing the types of technologies used by patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus for diabetes treatment: case series on patient experience. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7(7): e11527. Dostupné z: https://mhealth. jmir.org/2019/7/e11527/ [cit. 2023-03-19].
6. Urbanová J, Holubová A, Taniwall A, a kol. Nový parametr hodnocení kompenzace diabetes mellitus: Čas v cílovém rozmezí (time-in-range). Prakt. Lék. 2021; 101(1): 3–7.
7. Heinemann L. Interferences with CGM systems: practical relevance? J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022; 16(2): 271–274. Dostupné z: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/19322968211065065 [cit. 2023-03-19].
8. Schrangl P, Reiterer F, Heinemann L, et al. Limits to the evaluation of the accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring systems by clinical trials. Biosensors (Basel) 2018; 8(2): 50. Dostupné z: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/8/2/50 [cit. 2023-03-19].
9. Grimsmann JM, von Sengbusch S, Freff M, et al. Glucose Management Indicator based on sensor data and laboratory HbA1c in people with type 1 diabetes from the DPV database: differences by sensor type. Diabetes Care 2020; 43(9): e111–e112. Dostupné z: doi:10.2337/dc20-0259 [cit. 2023-03-19].
10. Bergenstal RM, Beck RW, Close KL, et al. Glucose Management Indicator (GMI): a new term for estimating a1c from continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Care 2018; 41(11): 2275–2280. Dostupné z: doi:10.2337/dc18-1581 [cit. 2023-03-19].
11. Fabris C, Heinemann L, Beck R, et al. Estimation of hemoglobin A1c from continuous glucose monitoring data in individuals with type 1 diabetes: is Time In Range all we need? Diabetes Technol Ther 2020; 22(7): 501–508.
12. Wang M, Hng TM. HbA1c: More than just a number. Aust J Gen Pract 2021; 50(9): 628–632. [cit. 2023-01-17]. Dostupné z: https:// www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2021/september/more-than-just-anumber [cit. 2023-03-19].
13. Radin MS. Pitfalls in hemoglobin A1c measurement: when results may be misleading. J Gen Intern Med 2014; 29(2): 388–394.
14. Friedecký B, Kratochvíla J, Springer D, a kol. Diabetes mellitus – laboratorní diagnostika a sledování stavu pacientů. Klin Biochem Metab 2019; 27(48): 32–47.
Labels
General practitioner for children and adolescents General practitioner for adultsArticle was published in
General Practitioner
2023 Issue 2
Most read in this issue
- Glucose management indicator (GMI) and its relationship to glycated haemoglobin
- Telemedicine and act on health services and conditions of their provision
- Time of onset of chronic diseases in the middle-aged population
- Using social networks and the internet to promote vaccination