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Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as seen by the intensivist


Authors: R. Zazula;  A. Spálený
Authors‘ workplace: Anesteziologicko-resuscitační klinika 1. lékařské fakulty a Fakultní Thomayerovy nemocnice ;  Přednosta: MUDr. Roman Zazula Ph. D. ;  Univerzita Karlova v Praze
Published in: Prakt. Lék. 2008; 88(8): 437-442
Category: Reviews

Overview

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of mortality and chronic morbidity throughout the world; currently it is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. The most common causes of acute COPD exacerbation, a frequent reason for hospital admission, include tracheobronchial tree infection, climatic changes, and patient non-compliance. This review outlines the basic pathophysiological characteristics of COPD exacerbation and indication criteria for patient hospitalization in a routine care ward or an ICU. Principles of comprehensive conservative therapy and strategies of invasive and non-invasive ventilatory support are outlined, including current concepts of a potential reduction of respiratory work by administering a mixture of helium and oxygen (heliox) in acute respiratory failure.

Key words:
COPD, respiratory insufficiency, mechanical ventilation, heliox.


Sources

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