Childhood Autism

Overview

As an introduction of the review article, the history of the diagnosis of childhood autism is described. Adescription of the basic psychopathology is given: onset of symptoms, abnormal social interaction, abnormal communication and play, and restricted, stereotyped patterns of behavior and interests. Diagnostic issues are discussed, particularly the use of specific diagnostic instruments like CARS, ADI-R and ADOS. A suggested diagnostic procedure is displayed in a graphic algorithm, and the key position of the child psychiatrist in coordination of the diagnostic process is stressed. Various contradictory opinions on comorbidity, epidemiology and etiology of childhood autism are summarized. A brief overview of pharmacotherapy of autism has been added to the review.

Key words:
childhood autism – history – psychopathology – epidemiology – etiology – therapy.