#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Alcohol abuse in road traffic: medical-legal aspects


Authors: Petr Štiak 1;  Ľubomír Straka 2
Authors‘ workplace: Ústredná vojenská nemocnica - FN v Ružomberku, Slovenská republika 1;  Ústav súdneho lekárstva a medicínskych expertíz Jesseniovej lekárskej fakulty Univerzity Komenského a Univerzitnej, nemocnice v Martine, Slovenská republika 2
Published in: Soud Lék., 63, 2018, No. 2, p. 14-18
Category: Review

Overview

Alcohol-affected road users – pedestrians or drivers are a significant risk factor for road accidents and injuries. Therefore, the issue of alcohol-related traffic accidents is logically a subject of great attention. However, the statistics results of the General Prosecutor’s Office of the Slovak Republic and of the Police Force of the Slovak Republic clearly confirm the fact that in the Slovak Republic the above-mentioned problem of the whole society is not sufficiently eliminated. The legislation implemented since 2011 should therefore lead to more substantial and effective prevention in this area. From the point of view of the current knowledge from the Forensic Medicine Department, the current legislative regulation of the Slovak Republic is still insufficient and will require some changes. It can be assumed that the issue of controlling the influence of alcohol on road users will be a subject of harmonization throughout the European area. The aim of this thesis is to analyse individual aspects of the present state and their epicritical evaluation.

Keywords:

alcohol – driver – prevention – forensic medicine – legislation


Sources

1.     Vestník Ministerstva zdravotníctva Slovenskej republiky zo dňa 31. augusta 2006, ročník 54.

2.     Dohovor o cestnej premávke (Viedeň 1968).

3.     Rozhodnutie Rady 93/704/ES z 30. novembra 1993 o vytvorení databázy spoločenstva o cestných nehodách.

4.     Zákon č. 8/2009 Z.z. § 4 ods 2 Zákon o cestnej premávke a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov.

5.     Zákon Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky č. 219/1996 Z.z. o ochrane pred zneužívaním alkoholických nápojov a o zriaďovaní a prevádzke protialkoholických záchytných izieb v znení neskorších predpisov § 5 ods. 4.

6.     § 289 Trestného zákona v znení zákona č. 313/2011 Z.z.

7.     § 86- § 90 zákona č. 8/2009 Z.z. v znení neskorších predpisov.

8.     Nariadenie prezídia Policajného zboru o vykonávaní dohľadu nad bezpečnosťou a plynulosťou cestnej premávky, konaní o dopravných nehodách a dopravno-inžinierskej činnosti č. 80/2014 (v znení N P PZ č. 118/2014 zo dňa 27. novembra 2014, N P PZ č. 30/2015 zo dňa 30. marca 2015, N P PZ č. 64/2015 zo dňa 21. júla 2015, N P PZ č. 43/2016 zo dňa 28. apríla 2016 a N P PZ č. 128/2016 zo dňa 27. decembra 2016).

9.     Holcomb RL. Alcohol in relation to traffic accidents. JAMA 1938; 111(12): 1076-1085.

10.   Pendleton OJ, Hatfield NJ, Bremer R. Alcohol involvement in Texas driver fatalities: Accident reports versus blood alcohol concentration. Texas Transportation Institute. Texas A & M University System, College Station 1986.

11.   Jones RK, Joscelyn KB. Alcohol and highway safety 1978: Review of the state of knowledge, DOT HS-803 714. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1978.

12.   Terhune KW, Ippolito CA, Hendricks DL, et al. The incidence and role of drugs in fatally injured drivers. US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Report DOT HS-808 065; 1992; 33-34.

13.   NHTSA Traffic safety facts 2010. A compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data from The Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates System 2010. NHTSA Technical Report. DOT HS 811 659, 2012a.

14.   Caplan YH, Golberger BA. Garriot’s Medicolegal Aspects of Alcohol - Sixth edition, Lawyers & Judges Publishing Company, Inc.; 2014: 336.

15.   Canfield DV, Dubowski KM, Cowan M, Harding PM. Alcohol limits and public safety. Forensic Sci Rev 2014; 26(1): 9-22.

16.   Jones AW. Measurement of alcohol in blood and breath for legal purposes. In: Crow KE, Batt RD. Human Metabolism of Alcohol. Boca Raton, CRC Press; 1989: 71.

17.   Payne-James J, Byard RW, Corey TS, Henderson C. Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Oxford, Elsevier; 2005: 22.

18.   Harte RA. An instrument for the determination of ethanol in breath in law enforcement practice. J Forens Sci 1971; 16(4): 493-510.

19.   Dettmeyer RB, Verhoff MA, Schütz HF. Forensic Medicine - Fundamentals and perspectives. Berlin Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, 2014: 468.

20.   Stanovisko Slovenskej súdno-lekárskej spoločnosti k problematike prepočtov koncentrácie etanolu v krvi, Príloha č. 1 - Pokyny pre stanovenie etanolu, Bratislava, 3. Schôdza výboru SSLS, 2003. Soud Lek 2004; 49(2): 22-24.

21.   Jones AW. Disappearance rate of ethanol from the blood of human subjects; implications in forensic toxicology. J Forens Sci 1993; 38(1): 104-118.

22.   Leahy MS, Farber ER, Meadows TR. Quantitation of ethylic alcohol in the postmortem vitreous humor. J Forens Sci 1968; 13(4): 498-502.

23.   Straka Ľ, Novomeský F, Krajčovič J, Štuller F. Súdnoleárska alkohológia. Martin, Vydavateľstvo Osveta 2011: 104.

24.   Novomeský F. Drogy, história, medicína, právo. Martin, Advent Orion, 1996: 114-120.

25.   Straka Ľ, Novomeský F, Krajčovič J, Štuller F. Súdnoleárska alkohológia. Martin, Vydavateľstvo Osveta 2011: 140.

26.   O’Neal CL, Wolf CE2, Levine B, Kunsman G, Poklis A. Gas chromatographic procedures for determination of ethanol in postmortem blood using t-butanol and methyl ethyl ketone as internal standards. Forensic Sci Int 1996; 83: 31.

27.   Beaty R. Application of ISO Standards to the Measurement of Alcohol. In: Caplan YH, Golberger BA. Garriot’s Medicolegal Aspects of Alcohol - Sixth edition, Lawyers & Judges Publishing Company, Inc.; 2014: 571-579.

28.   Dubowski KM. Technology of breath-alcohol analysis. US Dept. Of Health and human Services, DHHS Publication No (ADM) 92-1728; 1992.

29.   Wilson HK. Breath analysis. Physiological basis and sampling techniques. Scand J Work Environ Health 1986; 12(3): 174-192.

30.   Mason MF, Dubowski KM. Breath-alcohol analysis: uses, methods and some forensic problems – review and opinon. J Forensic Sci 1976; 21(1): 9-41.

31.   Gullberg RG. Breath Alcohol Analysis. In: Payne-James J, Byard RW, Corey TS, Henderson C. Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Oxford, Elsevier, 2005: 2129.

32.   Jones AW. Measuring alcohol in blood and breath for forensic purposes - A historical review. Forensic Sci Rev 1996; 8(1): 13-44.

33.   Jain NC, Cravey RH. A review of breath alcohol methods. J Chromatogr Sci 1974; 12(5): 214-218.

34.   Moynham A, Perl J, Starmer GA. Breath-alcohol testing. J Traffic Med 1990; 18: 167173.

35.   Jones AW. Measurement of alcohol in blood and breath for legal purposes. In: Crow KE, Batt RD. Human Metabolism of Alcohol. Boca Raton, CRC Press, 1989: 71.

36.   Harte RA. An instrument for the determination of ethanol in breath in law enforcement practice. J Forens Sci 1971; 16(4): 167.

37.   Forney RB. Disposition and Fate of Ethanol in the Body. Chapter 3. In: Caplan YH, Golberger BA. Garriot’s Medicolegal Aspects of Alcohol - Sixth Edition, Lawyers & Judges Publishing Company, Inc.; 2015; 64-65.

38.   Straka L, Novomeský F, Krajčovič J, Štuller F. Súdnoleárska alkohológia. Martin, Vydavateľstvo Osveta 2011: 100.

39.   Dubowski KM. Studies in breath-alcohol analysis: Biological factors. Z Rechtsmed 1975; 76(2): 93-117.

40.   Dubowski KM. Quality assurance in breath alcohol analysis. J Anal Toxicol 1994; 18(6): 306-311.

41.   Alobaidi TA, Hill DW, Payne JP. Significance of Variations in Blood-Breath Partition Coefficient of Alcohol. Br Med J 1976; 2(6050): 1479-1481.

42.   Yamamoto K, Ueda M. Studies on Breath Alcohol Analysis for the Estimation of Blood Alcohol Levels. J Forensic Sci 1972; 1: 207-224.

43.   von Burg, R. E.M.P. Widmark, Principles and applications of medicolegal alcohol determination translated from the original publication in 1932 by R. C. Baselt. Biomedical Publications, Davis California. 1981.

44.   Nesci J. Defense of Driving Under the Influence. Chapter 22. In: Caplan YH, Golberger BA. Garriot’s Medicolegal Aspects of Alcohol - Sixth edition, Lawyers & Judges Publishing Company, Inc.; 2014; 624.

45.   Nesci J. Defense of Driving Under the Influence Cases. Chapter 22. In: Caplan YH, Golberger BA. Garriot’s Medicolegal Aspects of Alcohol - Sixth edition, Lawyers & Judges Publishing Company, Inc.; 2014; 619-622.

46.   Jones AW. Physiological Aspects of Breath-Alcohol Measurement. Alcohol, Drugs & Driving 1990; 6: 1-25.

47.   Labianca DA. The Chemical Basis of the Breathanalyser. Journal of Chemical Education 1990; 76: 259-261.

48.   Payne JP, Hill DW, Wood DGL. Distribution of Ethanol between Plasma and Erythrocytes in Whole Blood. Nature 1968; 217(5132): 963-964.

49.   Smith K. Science, the Intoxilyzer, and Breath Alcohol Testing – Part I. The Champion, 1987; 8-22.

50.   § 5 zákona č. 219/1996 Z.z.

51.   Zákon č. 219/1996 Z. z., o ochrane pred zneužívaním alkoholických nápojov a o zriaďovaní a prevádzke protialkoholických záchytných izieb.

52.   § 363 zákona č. 300/2005 Z. z.

Labels
Anatomical pathology Forensic medical examiner Toxicology
Login
Forgotten password

Enter the email address that you registered with. We will send you instructions on how to set a new password.

Login

Don‘t have an account?  Create new account

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#