Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in the Czech Republic in 2000-2006
Authors:
J. Motlová; Č. Beneš; P. Křížová
Authors‘ workplace:
Státní zdravotní ústav, Praha
Published in:
Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol. 57, 2008, č. 1, s. 14-21
Overview
Study objective:
To assess the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease and coverage of the causative serotypes by pneumococcal vaccines in the Czech Republic.
Methods:
The incidence and fatality rates of reported cases of pneumococcal meningitis (EPIDAT) in 1997-2006 are analyzed. In addition, the data of the National Reference Laboratory for Streptococci and Enterococci from 2000-2006 are presented. The incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease was calculated for the catchment population of the collaborating laboratories. Pneumococcal typing was performed in the National Reference Laboratory. The percentages of pneumococcal serotypes isolated from invasive disease in 2000-2006 and included in the pneumococcal vaccines were calculated.
Results:
The incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease ranged from 2.30 to 4.28/100 000 population. The age-specific incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in 2000-2006 was the highest in the lowest age groups 0-11 months (15.75/100 000) and 1-4 years (8.22/100 000), followed by the age group of 65 years and older (7.3/100 000). The total fatality rate of pneumococcal meningitis in 1997-2006 was 13.7 %. The highest age-specific fatality rate was recorded in 65-year olds and over (24 %). In the age group 0-11 months, the coverage of pneumococcal serotypes is 66 % by the 7-valent conjugate vaccine, 76 % by the 10-valent conjugate vaccine and 82 % by the13-valent conjugate vaccine. In the age group 1-4 years, the respective rates are 65.1 %, 76.4 % and 85.8 %.
The coverage of serotypes by conjugate vaccines is higher in the youngest age groups (0-11 months and 1-4 years) compared to adults (40- 64 years and 65 years and older).
Conclusion:
Based on laboratory data, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in the Czech Republic in 2000-2006 is comparable with the rates reported in other European countries. The highest incidence rates were observed in the youngest age groups. The distribution of serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease differs between children and adults. The coverage of serotypes by conjugate pneumococcal vaccines is higher in children (66 – 65 %) compared to adults (34 – 65 %). It is desirable to launch a nationwide programme of surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease. Furthermore, it is recommended that a conjugate pneumococcal vaccine should be included in the children’s immunization schedule.
Key words:
invasive pneumococcal disease – incidence – coverage of serotypes by vaccines – vaccination strategy.
Sources
1. Bossen Konradsen, H., Staum Kaltoft, M. Invasive pneumococcal infections in Denmark from 1995 to 1999: Epidemiology, serotypes, and resistance. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002, 9, 358-365.
2. Dagan, R., Englehard, D., Piccard, E. Epidemiology of invasive childhood pneumococcal infections in Israel. JAMA 1992, 268, 3328-3332.
3. D’Ancona F. et al. Incidence of vaccine preventable pneumococcal invasive infections and blood culture practices in Italy. Vaccine 2005, 23, 2494-2500.
4. Escola, J. et al. Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal infections in children in Finland. JAMA 1992, 268, 3323-3327.
5. Hammitt, L.L. et al. Indirect effect of conjugate vaccine on adult carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae: An explanation of trends in invasive pneumococcal disease. J Infec Dis 2006, 193, 1487-1494.
6. Hausdorff, W.P. Invasive pneumococcal disease in children: Geographic and temporal variations in incidence and serotype distribution. Eur J Pediatr 2002, 161, 135-139.
7. Isaacman, D.J. et al. Indirect effects associated with widespread vaccination of infants with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7, Prevnar). Vaccine 2007, 25, 2420-2427.
8. Ispahani P. et al. Twenty year surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease in Nottingham: Serogroups responsible and implications for immunisation. Arch Dis Child 2004, 89, 757-762.
9. Kaltoft, M.S., Zeuthen, N., Konradsen, H.B. Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal infections in children aged 0-6 years in Denmark: A 19-year nationwide surveillance study. Acta Paediatr 2000, 435, 3-10.
10. Lopalco, P. Editorial team. Use of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in EU. Euro Surveill 2006, 11(12):E061207.3. Available from: http://www. eurosurveillance.org/ew/2006/061207.asp#3.
11. McIntosh, E.D.G., Fritzell, B., Fletcher, M.A. Burden of paediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in Europe, 2005. Epidemiol Infect 2006, 7, 1-13.
12. Miller E. et al. Epidemiology of invasive and other pneumococcal disease in children in England and Wales 1996-1998. Acta Paediatr 2000, 89, 11-16.
13. Motlová, J. Distribuce sérotypů Streptococcus pneumoniae v České republice, duben 1995-prosinec 1998. Klin mikrobiol inf lék 1999, 2-3, 60-64.
14. Motlová, J. Distribuce sérotypů a séroskupin Streptococcus pneumoniae u pacientů s invazivními pneumokokovými onemocněními v České republice v letech 1996-2003: podklady pro vakcinační strategii. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol 2005, 1, 3-10.
15. O’Brien, K.L., Dagan, R. The potential indirect effect of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines. Vaccine 2003, 21, 1815-1825.
16. Pebody, R.G. Pneumococcal vaccination policy in Europe. Euro Surveill 2005, 10, 174-178.
17. Pebody, R.G. et al. Pneumococcal disease surveillance in Europe. Euro Surveill 2006, 11, 171-178.
18. Pedersen, M.K. Systemic pneumococcal disease in Norway 1995-2001: Capsular types and antimicrobial resistance. Epidemiol Infect 2004, 132, 167-175.
19. Prymula, R. Současný pohled na konjugované pneumokokové vakcíny. Klin mikrobiol inf lék 2006, 3, 98-102.
20. Serrano, I., Ramirez, M., Melo-Cristino, J. Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae from Portugal: Implications for vaccination and antimicrobial therapy. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004, 10, 652-656.
21. Spanjaard, L. et al. Epidemiology of meningitis and bacteremia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Netherlands. Acta Paediatr Suppl 2000, 89, 22-26.
22. Venetz, I., Schopfer, K., Muhlemann, K. Paediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in Switzerland, 1985-1994. Int J Epidemiol 1998, 27, 1101-1104.
23. Vergison, A. et al. Epidemiologic features of invasive pneumococcal disease in Belgian children: Passive surveillance is not enough. Pediatrics 2006, 118, 801-809.
24. Von Kries, R. et al. Proportion of invasive pneumococcal infections in German children preventable by pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Clin Infect Dis 2000, 31, 482-487.
25. Von Kries, R. et al. Prediction of the potential benefit of different pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in German children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002, 21, 1017-1023.
26. WHO position paper: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for childhood immunization. Weekly Epidemiological Record 2007, 82, 93-104.
Labels
Hygiene and epidemiology Medical virology Clinical microbiologyArticle was published in
Epidemiology, Microbiology, Immunology
2008 Issue 1
Most read in this issue
- Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among Pregnant Women in Slovakia
- Multidisciplinary Approach to the Management of Vulvovaginal Discomfort
- Detection of Viable Metabolically Active Yeast Cells Using a Colorimetric Assay
- Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in the Czech Republic in 2000-2006