Myocarditis and cardiomyopathy

Czech version

Authors: Pavlíček Jan ¹; Rücklová Kristina ²; David Jan ³
Authors‘ workplace: Klinika dětského lékařství, Lékařská fakulta Ostravské univerzity a Fakultní nemocnice Ostrava ¹; Klinika dětí a dorostu, 3. lékařská fakulta a Fakultní nemocnice Královské Vinohrady, Praha ²; Pediatrická klinika, 2. lékařská fakulta a Fakultní nemocnice v Motole, Praha ³
Published in: Čes-slov Pediat 2023; 78 (2): 110-121.
Category: Chapters for Specialization in Pediatrics
doi: https://doi.org/10.55095/CSPediatrie2023/016

Overview

The review article summarizes the most important information about myocarditis and cardiomyopathies in children. It focuses on their aetiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment and may be used as a background material for preparation for the qualification exam in paediatrics.

Keywords:

paediatrics – myocarditis – heart failure – cardiomyopathy

Sources

1. Arola A, Pikkarainen E, Sipilä JO, et al. Occurrence and features of childhood myocarditis: a nationwide study in Finland. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6(11): e005306.

2. Law YM, Lal AK, Chen S, et al. Diagnosis and management of myocarditis in children: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2021; 144(6): e123–e135.

3. McCrindle BW, Rowley AH, Newburger JW, et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a scientific statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017; 135(17): e927–e999.

4. de Loizaga SR, Beaton AZ. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in the United States. Pediatr Ann 2021; 50(3): e98–e104.

5. Aeschlimann FA, Misra N, Hussein T, et al. Myocardial involvement in children with post-COVID multisystem inflammatory syndrome: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance based multicenter international study-the CARDOVID registry. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2021; 23(1): 140.

6. Arbustini E, Narula N, Giuliani L, et al. Genetic basis of myocarditis: myth or reality? Myocarditis 2020; 45–89.

7. Bracamonte-Baran W, Čiháková D. Cardiac autoimmunity: myocarditis. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 1003: 187–221.

8. Ammirati E, Veronese G, Bottiroli M, et al. Update on acute myocarditis. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2021; 31(6): 370–379.

9. Friedrich MG, Sechtem U, Schulz-Menger J, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocarditis: a JACC White Paper. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53: 1475–1487.

10. Meune C, Spaulding C, Mahé I, et al. Risks versus benefits of NSAIDs including aspirin in myocarditis: a review of the evidence from animal studies. Drug Saf 2003; 26: 975–981.

11. Lipshultz SE, Sleeper LA, Towbin JA, et al. The incidence of pediatric cardiomyopathy in two regions of the United States. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1647–1655.

12. Lipshultz SE, Law YM, Asante-Korang A, et al.; American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Clinical Cardiology; and Council on Genomic and Precision Medicine. Cardiomyopathy in children: classification and diagnosis: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019; 140(1): e9–e68.

13. Tomašov P. Genetika kardiomyopatií. Cor Vasa 2010; 52: 399–402.

14. Lee TM, Hsu DT, Kantor P, et al. Pediatric cardiomyopathies. Circ Res 2017; 121: 855–873.

15. Braunwald E. Cardiomyopathies: an overview. Circ Res 2017; 121: 711– 721

16. Towbin JA, Jefferies JL. Cardiomyopathies due to left ventricular noncompaction, mitochondrial and storage diseases, and inborn errors of metabolism. Circ Res 2017; 121(7): 838–854.

17. Feingold B, Mahle WT, Auerbach S, et al.; American Heart Association Pediatric Heart Failure Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Functional Genomics and Translational Biology; and Stroke Council. Management of cardiac involvement associated with neuromuscular diseases: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017; 136(13): e200–e231.

18. Alvarez JA, Orav EJ, Wilkinson JD, et al.; Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry Investigators. Competing risks for death and cardiac transplantation in children with dilated cardiomyopathy: results from the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry. Circulation 2011; 124: 814–823.

19. Monda E, Rubino M, Lioncino M, et al. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of non-sarcomeric causes. Front Pediatr 2021; 9: 94.

20. Moak JP, Kaski JP. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children. Heart 2012; 98(14: 1044–1054.

21. Ziółkowska L, Turska-Kmieć A, Petryka J, Kawalec W. Predictors of long- -term outcome in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Pediatr Cardiol 2016; 37(3): 448–458.

22. Colan SD, Lipshultz SE, Lowe AM, et al. Epidemiology and cause-specific outcome of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children: findings from the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry. Circulation 2007; 115: 773–781.

23. Miron A, Lafreniere-Roula M, Steve Fan CP, et al. A validated model for sudden cardiac death risk prediction in pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2020; 142(3): 217–229.

24. Norrish G, Ding T, Field E, et al. Development of a novel risk prediction model for sudden cardiac death in childhood hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM Risk-Kids). JAMA Cardiol. 2019; 4(9): 918-927.

25. Ditaranto R, Caponetti AG, Ferrara, V, et al. Pediatric restrictive cardiomyopathies. Front Pediatr 2021; 9: 745365.

26. Anderson HN, Cetta F, Driscoll DJ, et al. Idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy in children and young adults. Am J Cardiol 2018; 121(10): 1266–1270.

27. Chen L, Song J, Chen X, et al. A novel genotype-based clinicopathology classification of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy provides novel insights into disease progression. Eur Heart J 2019; 40(21): 1690–1703.

28. T owbin JA, McKenna WJ, Abrams DJ, et al. 2019 HRS expert consensus statement on evaluation, risk stratification, and management of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm 2019; 16(11): e301–e372.