How and when to perform pulmonary function testing in infants
Authors:
V. Koucky 1,2; J. Šulc 3,4; D. Megvinet-Chucesov 1; P. Pohunek 1
Authors‘ workplace:
Pediatrická klinika 2. LF UK a FN Motol, Praha
1; Olivova dětská léčebna, o. p. s., Říčany
2; První plicní ambulance, s. r. o., Praha
3; Centrum pohybové medicíny Pavla Koláře, a. s., Praha
4
Published in:
Čes-slov Pediat 2020; 75 (7): 410-415.
Category:
Overview
This article deals with practical aspects of infant pulmonary function testing (iPFT). In its first part we discuss methods of iPFT including information on the preparation of patients for testing, its course and way of procedural sedation. The second part of the article summarises indications and contraindications of iPFT. We present clinical applications and significance of iPFT in four distinct diseases (cystic fibrosis, bronchial asthma/recurrent wheeze, interstitial lung disease of infancy and bronchopulmonary dysplasia).
Keywords:
Cystic fibrosis – Infants – bronchopulmonary dysplasia – infant pulmonary function testing (iPFT) – lung function testing – recurrent wheeze – interstitial lung disease in infants – chronic lung disease of immaturity/infancy
Sources
1. Sulton C, McCracken C, Simon HK, et al. Pediatric procedural sedation using dexmedetomidine: A report from the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium. Hosp Pediatr 2016; 6 (9): 536–544.
2. McMorrow SP, Abramo TJ. Dexmedetomidine sedation: uses in pediatric procedural sedation outside the operating room. Pediatr Emerg Care 2012; 28 (3): 292–296.
3. Koucký V. Detekce časných patofyziologických změn dýchání u dětí s chronickým respiračním onemocněním. Dizertační práce. Praha: Univerzita Karlova, 2. lékařská fakulta, Pediatrická klinika 2. LF UK a FN Motol, 2020: 1–132.
4. Hulskamp G, Pillow JJ, Dinger J, et al. Lung function tests in neonates and infants with chronic lung disease of infancy: functional residual capacity. Pediatr Pulmonol 2006; 41 (1): 1–22.
5. Gappa M, Pillow JJ, Allen J, et al. Lung function tests in neonates and infants with chronic lung disease: lung and chest-wall mechanics. Pediatr Pulmonol 2006; 41 (4): 291–317.
6. Baldwin DN, Pillow JJ, Stocks J, et al. Lung-function tests in neonates and infants with chronic lung disease: tidal breathing and respiratory control. Pediatr Pulmonol 2006; 41 (5): 391–419.
7. Lum S, Hülskamp G, Merkus P, et al. Lung function tests in neonates and infants with chronic lung disease: forced expiratory maneuvers. Pediatr Pulmonol 2006; 41 (3): 199–214.
8. Pillow JJ, Frerichs I, Stocks J. Lung function tests in neonates and infants with chronic lung disease: global and regional ventilation inhomogeneity. Pediatr Pulmonol 2006; 41 (2): 105–121.
9. Šulc J. Vyšetření funkce plic u nespolupracujících pacientů. Čs Pediat 1994; 49: 228–232.
10. Šulc J, Zikán J, Kredba V, et al. Funkční vyšetření plic u nespolupracujících dětí. Část I. Kazuistiky v alergologii, pneumologii a ORL 2011; 8 (1): 26–34.
11. Šulc J, Zikán J, Kredba V, et al. Funkční vyšetření plic u nespolupracujících dětí. Část II. Kazuistiky v alergologii, pneumologii a ORL 2011; 8 (2): 17–25.
12. Šulc J, Zikán J, Kredba V, et al. Funkční vyšetření plic u nespolupracujících dětí. Část III. Kazuistiky v alergologii, pneumologii a ORL 2011; 9 (1): 4–15.
13. AARC Clinical Practice Guideline, Infant/Toddler Pulmonary Function Tests, 1995, update 2008. Respir Care 1995 40 (7): 761–768.
14. Peterson-Carmichael SL, Rosenfeld M, Ascher SB, et al. Survey of clinical infant lung function testing practices. Pediatr Pulmonol 2014; 49 (2): 126–131.
15. Lum S, Gustafsson P, Ljungberg H, et al.; London Cystic Fibrosis Collaboration. Early detection of cystic fibrosis lung disease: multiple-breath washout versus raised volume tests. Thorax 2007; 62 (4): 341–347.
16. Nguyen TT, Thia LP, Hoo AF, et al.; London Cystic Fibrosis Collaboration (LCFC). Evolution of lung function during the first year of life in newborn screened cystic fibrosis infants. Thorax 2014; 69 (10): 910–917.
17. Pillarisetti N, Williamson E, Linnane B, et al.; Australian Respiratory Early Surveillance Team for Cystic Fibrosis (AREST CF). Infection, inflammation, and lung function decline in infants with cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184 (1): 75–81.
18. Davies G, Stocks J, Thia LP, et al.; London Cystic Fibrosis Collaboration (LCFC). Pulmonary function deficits in newborn screened infants with cystic fibrosis managed with standard UK care are mild and transient. Eur Respir J 2017; 50 (5): 1700326.
19. Koucký V, Skalická V, Bartošová J, et al. Funkce plic souboru českých kojenců a batolat s cystickou fibrózou. Čes-slov Pediat 2019; 74 (7): 392–400.
20. Castro-Rodríguez JA, Holberg CJ, Wright AL, et al. A clinical index to define risk of asthma in young children with rec urrent wheezing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 162 (4 Pt 1): 1403–1406.
21. Borrego LM, Stocks J, Leiria-Pinto P, et al. Lung function and clinical risk factors for asthma in infants and young children with recurrent wheeze. Thorax 2009; 64: 203–209.
22. Keklikian E, Sanchez-Solis M, Bonina AJ, et al. Do risk factors for persistent asthma modify lung function in infants and young children with recurrent wheeze? Pediatr Pulmonol 2010; 45 (9): 914–918.
23. Lu Z, Foong RE, Kowalik K, et al. Ventilation inhomogeneity in infants with recurrent wheezing. Thorax 2018; 73 (10): 936–941.
24. Koucky V, Rihova R, Pohunek P. Predictive value of nitrogen multiple breath washout in wheezy infants: a prospective pilot study. Abstract for CIPP 2020.
25. Kurland G, Deterding RR, Hagood JS, et al.; American Thoracic Society Committee on Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease (chILD) and the child Research Network. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline: classification, evaluation, and management of childhood interstitial lung disease in infancy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188 (3): 376–394.
26. Lukkarinen H, Pelkonen A, Lohi J, et al. Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy: a prospective follow-up of nine children. Arch Dis Child 2013; 98 (2): 141–144.
27. Ring A, Carlens J, Bush A, et al. Pulmonary function testing in children’s interstitial lung disease (chILD). Eur Respir Rev 2020 Sep 21; 29 (157).
28. Friedrich L, Stein RT, Pitrez PM, et al. Reduced lung function in healthy preterm infants in the first months of life. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173: 442–447.
29. Robin B, Kim YJ, Huth J, et al. Pulmonary function in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Pulmonol 2004; 37: 236–242.
30. Filbrun AG, Popova AP, Linn MJ, et al. Longitudinal measures of lung function in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Pulmonol 2011; 46 (4): 369–375.
31. Šulc J, et al. Funkce plic u batolat s chronickou plicní nemocí (BPD etiologicky pocházející z perinatálního období). Stud Pneumol Phtiseol 2011; 71 (6): 238–245.
32. Proietti E, Riedel T, Fuchs O, et al. Can infant lung function predict respiratory morbidity during the first year of life in preterm infants? Eur Respir J 2014; 43 (6): 1642–1651.
33. The International Neonatal Network. The CRIB (clinical risk index for babies) score: a tool for assessing initial neonatal risk and comparing performance of neonatal intensive care units. Lancet 1993; 24; 342 (8865): 193–198.
34. Ehrenkranz RA, Walsh MC, Vohr BR, et al. Validation of the National Institutes of Health consensus definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatrics 2005; 116: 1353–1360.
35. Martin TR, Feldman HA, Fredberg JJ, et al. Relationship between maximal expiratory flows and lung volumes in growing humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1988; 65 (2): 822–828.
36. McGeachie MJ, Yates KP, Zhou X, et al. Patterns of growth and decline in lung function in persistent childhood asthma. N Engl J Med 2016; 12; 374 (19): 1842–1852.
37. Berry CE, Billheimer D, Jenkins IC, et al. A distinct low lung function trajectory from childhood to the fourth decade of life. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 194 (5): 607–612.
Labels
Neonatology Paediatrics General practitioner for children and adolescentsArticle was published in
Czech-Slovak Pediatrics
2020 Issue 7
Most read in this issue
- When should a physician consider ciliary dysfunction?
- Long-term consequences of preterm birth on respiratory system in children
- How and when to perform pulmonary function testing in infants
- Paediatric pulmonology in the Czech Republic and Slovakia