#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#
CS
proLékaře.cz / Journals / Czech Rheumatology / 2021 - 4

. IL-1 inhibition in the treatment of systemic juvenile arthritis and adult-onset Still's disease

Czech version

Authors: H. Malcová 1;  T. Milota 1,2;  Z. Střížová 2;  D. Cebecauerová 1;  R. Horváth 1,2
Authors‘ workplace: Oddělení revmatologie dětí a dospělých 2. LF UK a FN Motol, Praha 1;  Ústav imunologie 2. LF UK a FN Motol, Praha 2
Published in: Čes. Revmatol., 29, 2021, No. 4, p. 209-227.
Category: Review Article

Overview

Polygenic autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) typically include systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD). These diseases are characterized by the dysregulation of the innate immune responses with an excessive and uncontrolled overproduction of IL-1β in particular. Administration of the IL-1 blockers leads to a rapid improvement of the clinical symptoms, disease activity reduction, normalization of the laboratory parameters, and the possibility of reducing or even discontinuing glucocorticoid use. Most of the current data are focused on the therapeutic use of anakinra – an IL-1 receptor antagonist, canakinumab – an anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibody, and rilonacept – a soluble decoy receptor. However, other promising agents, such as gevokizumab – IL-1β blocking monoclonal antibody, tadekinig alfa – a human recombinant IL-18-binding protein, and tranilast – an analog of a tryptophan metabolite, are currently being tested. In this review article, the authors focus on the role of IL-1 and related cytokines in the regulation of the inflammatory responses in AIDs and provide a detailed review of clinical trials with IL-1 blockade in sJIA and AOSD, focusing on the efficacy and safety data.

Keywords:

canakinumab – anakinra – rilonacept – adult onset Still's disease (AOSD) – autoinflammatory diseases – interleukin-1 (IL-1) – systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA)

Sources
  1. Cantarini L, Lopalco G, Selmi C, Napodano S, Rosa G de, Caso F et al. Autoimmunity and autoinflammation as the yin and yang of idiopathic recurrent acute pericarditis. Autoimmunity reviews 2015; 14(2): 90–97.
  2. Patel RM, Shulman ST. Kawasaki disease: a comprehensive review of treatment options. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics 2015; 40(6): 620–625.
  3. Rigante D. The Broad-Ranging Panorama of Systemic Autoinflammatory Disorders with Specific Focus on Acute Painful Symptoms and Hematologic Manifestations in Children. Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases 2018; 10(1): e2018067.
  4. Giacomelli R, Ruscitti P, Shoenfeld Y. A comprehensive review on adult onset Still's disease. Journal of Autoimmunity 2018; 93: 24–36.
  5. Shenoi S. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis – Changing Times, Changing Terms, Changing Treatments. Pediatrics in review 2017; 38(5): 221–32.
  6. Cavalli G, Dinarello CA. Anakinra Therapy for Non-cancer Inflammatory Diseases. Frontiers in pharmacology 2018; 9: 1157.
  7. Gram H. The long and winding road in pharmaceutical development of canakinumab from rare genetic autoinflammatory syndromes to myocardial infarction and cancer. Pharmacological research 2020; 154: 104139.
  8. Szekely Y, Arbel Y. A Review of Interleukin-1 in Heart Disease: Where Do We Stand Today? Cardiology and therapy 2018; 7(1): 25–44.
  9. Kelley N, Jeltema D, Duan Y, He Y. The NLRP3 Inflammasome: An Overview of Mechanisms of Activation and Regulation. International journal of molecular sciences 2019; 20(13).
  10. Yuan S, Akey CW. Apoptosome structure, assembly, and procaspase activation. Structure 2013; 21(4): 501–515.
  11. Yang Y, Wang H, Kouadir M, Song H, Shi F. Recent advances in the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its inhibitors. Cell death & disease 2019; 10(2): 128.
  12. Clancy DM, Sullivan GP, Moran HBT, Henry CM, Reeves EP, McElvaney NG et al. Extracellular Neutrophil Proteases Are Efficient Regulators of IL-1, IL-33, and IL-36 Cytokine Activity but Poor Effectors of Microbial Killing. Cell reports 2018; 22(11): 2937–2950.
  13. di Paolo NC, Shayakhmetov DM. Interleukin 1alpha and the inflammatory process. Nature immunology 2016; 17(8): 906–913.
  14. Fields JK, Gunther S, Sundberg EJ. Structural Basis of IL-1 Family Cytokine Signaling. Frontiers in immunology 2019; 10: 1412.
  15. Boraschi D, Italiani P, Weil S, Martin MU. The family of the interleukin-1 receptors. Immunological reviews 2018; 281(1): 197–232.
  16. Liu T, Zhang L, Joo D, Sun SC. NF-kappaB signaling in inflammation. Signal transduction and targeted therapy 2017; 2.
  17. Hess J, Angel P, Schorpp-Kistner M. AP-1 subunits: quarrel and harmony among siblings. Journal of cell science 2004; 117(Pt 25): 5965–5973.
  18. Zhang J, Macartney T, Peggie M, Cohen P. Interleukin-1 and TRAF6-dependent activation of TAK1 in the absence of TAB2 and TAB3. The Biochemical journal 2017; 474(13): 2235–2248.
  19. Werman A, Werman-Venkert R, White R, Lee JK, Werman B, Krelin Y, et al. The precursor form of IL-1alpha is an intracrine proinflammatory activator of transcription. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004; 101(8): 2434–2439.
  20. Mantovani A, Dinarello CA, Molgora M, Garlanda C. Interleukin-1 and Related Cytokines in the Regulation of Inflammation and Immunity. Immunity 2019; 50(4): 778–795.
  21. +Garlanda C, Dinarello CA, Mantovani A. The interleukin-1 family: back to the future. Immunity 2013; 39(6): 1003–1018.
  22. Feist E, Mitrovic S, Fautrel B. Mechanisms, biomarkers and targets for adult-onset Still's disease. Nature reviews. Rheumatology 2018; 14(10): 603–618.
  23. Dinarello CA. Interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory diseases. Blood 2011; 117(14): 3720–3732.
  24. Dinarello CA. The IL-1 family of cytokines and receptors in rheumatic diseases. Nature reviews. Rheumatology 2019; 15(10): 612–632.
  25. Junge G, Mason J, Feist E. Adult onset Still's disease-The evi- dence that anti-interleukin-1 treatment is effective and well-to- lerated (a comprehensive literature review). Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2017; 47(2): 295–302.
  26. Tarp S, Amarilyo G, Foeldvari I, Christensen R, Woo JM, Cohen N, et al. Efficacy and safety of biological agents for systemic ju- venile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Rheumatology 2016; 55(4): 669–679.
  27. Owyang AM, Issafras H, Corbin J, Ahluwalia K, Larsen P, Pongo E, et al. XOMA 052, a potent, high-affinity monoclonal antibody for the treatment of IL-1beta-mediated diseases. mAbs 2011; 3(1): 49–60.
  28. Gabay C, Fautrel B, Rech J, Spertini F, Feist E, Kotter I, et al. Open- label, multicentre, dose-escalating phase II clinical trial on the safety and efficacy of tadekinig alfa (IL-18BP) in adult-onset Still's disease. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2018; 77(6): 840–847.
  29. Huang Y, Jiang H, Chen Y, Wang X, Yang Y, Tao J et al. Tranilast directly targets NLRP3 to treat inflammasome-driven diseases. EMBO molecular medicine 2018; 10(4).
  30. Kluck V, Jansen T, Janssen M, Comarniceanu A, Efde M, Tengesdal IW, et al. Dapansutrile, an oral selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, for treatment of gout flares: an open-label, dose-adaptive, proof-of-concept, phase 2a trial. The Lancet Rheumatology 2020; 2(5): e270–e280.
  31. Gasparyan AY, Ayvazyan L, Blackmore H, Kitas GD. Writing a narrative biomedical review: considerations for authors, peer reviewers, and editors. Rheumatology international 2011; 31(11): 1409–1417.
  32. Lee JJY, Schneider R. Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Pediatric clinics of North America 2018; 65(4): 691–709.
  33. Cimaz R. Systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Autoimmunity reviews 2016; 15(9): 931–934.
  34. Shenoi S, Wallace CA. Diagnosis and Treatment of Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. The Journal of pediatrics 2016; 177: 19–26.
  35. Pascual V, Allantaz F, Arce E, Punaro M, Banchereau J. Role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the pathogenesis of systemic onset juveni- le idiopathic arthritis and clinical response to IL-1 blockade. The Journal of experimental medicine 2005; 201(9): 1479–1486.
  36. Gattorno M, Piccini A, Lasiglie D, Tassi S, Brisca G, Carta S, et al. The pattern of response to anti-interleukin-1 treatment distinguishes two subsets of patients with systemic-onset juve- nile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis and rheumatism 2008; 58(5): 1505–1515.
  37. Vastert SJ, Jager W de, Noordman BJ, Holzinger D, Kuis W, Prakken BJ, et al. Effectiveness of first-line treatment with recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in steroid-naive patients with new-onset systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results of a prospective cohort study. Arthritis & rheumatology 2014; 66(4): 1034–1043.
  38. Ilowite N, Porras O, Reiff A, Rudge S, Punaro M, Martin A, et al. Anakinra in the treatment of polyarticular-course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: safety and preliminary efficacy results of a randomized multicenter study. Clinical rheumatology 2009; 28(2): 129–137.
  39. Quartier P, Allantaz F, Cimaz R, Pillet P, Messiaen C, Bardin C, et al. A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (ANAJIS trial). Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2011; 70(5): 747–754.
  40. Nigrovic PA, Mannion M, Prince FH, Zeft A, Rabinovich CE, van Rossum MA, et al. Anakinra as first-line disease-modifying therapy in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: report of forty-six patients from an international multicenter series. Arthritis and rheumatism 2011; 63(2): 545–555.
  41. Lequerre T, Quartier P, Rosellini D, Alaoui F, Bandt M de, Mejjad O, et al. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) treatment in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis or adult onset Still disease: preliminary experience in France. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2008; 67(3): 302–308.
  42. Hedrich CM, Bruck N, Fiebig B, Gahr M. Anakinra: a safe and effective first-line treatment in systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA). Rheumatology international 2012; 32(11): 3525–3530.
  43. Romano M, Pontikaki I, Gattinara M, Ardoino I, Donati C, Boracchi P, et al. Drug survival and reasons for discontinuation of the first course of biological therapy in 301 juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients. Reumatismo 2014; 65(6): 278–285.
  44. Pardeo M, Pires Marafon D, Insalaco A, Bracaglia C, Nicolai R, Messia V, et al. Anakinra in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Single-center Experience. The Journal of rheumatology 2015; 42(8): 1523–1527.
  45. Grom AA, Ilowite NT, Pascual V, Brunner HI, Martini A, Lovell D, et al. Rate and Clinical Presentation of Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Patients With Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treated With Canakinumab. Arthritis & Rheumatology 2016; 68(1): 218–228.
  46. Horneff G, Schulz AC, Klotsche J, Hospach A, Minden K, Foeldvari I, et al. Experience with etanercept, tocilizumab and interleukin-1 inhibitors in systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients from the BIKER registry. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2017; 19(1): 256.
  47. Kearsley-Fleet L, Beresford MW, Davies R, Cock D de, Baildam E, Foster HE, et al. Short-term outcomes in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with either tocilizumab or anakinra. Rheumatology 2019; 58(1): 94–102.
  48. Vastert SJ, Jamilloux Y, Quartier P, Ohlman S, Osterling Koskinen L, Kullenberg T, et al. Anakinra in children and adults with Still's disease. Rheumatology 2019; 58(Suppl 6): vi9–vi22.
  49. Sota J, Insalaco A, Cimaz R, Alessio M, Cattalini M, Gallizzi R, et al. Drug Retention Rate and Predictive Factors of Drug Survival for Interleukin-1 Inhibitors in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Frontiers in pharmacology 2018; 9: 1526.
  50. Kimura Y, Grevich S, Beukelman T, Morgan E, Nigrovic PA, Mieszkalski K, et al. Pilot study comparing the Childhood Arthritis & Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Consensus Treatment Plans. Pediatric rheumatology online journal 2017; 15(1): 23.
  51. Woerner A, Uettwiller F, Melki I, Mouy R, Wouters C, Bader- Meunier B, et al. Biological treatment in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: achievement of inactive disease or clinical remission on a first, second or third biological agent. RMD open 2015; 1(1): e000036.
  52. Feist E, Quartier P, Fautrel B, Schneider R, Sfriso P, Efthimiou P, et al. Efficacy and safety of canakinumab in patients with Still's disease: exposure-response analysis of pooled systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis data by age groups. Clinical and experimental rheumatology 2018; 36(4): 668–675.
  53. Ruperto N, Brunner HI, Quartier P, Constantin T, Wulffraat NM, Horneff G, et al. Canakinumab in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and active systemic features: results from the 5-year long-term extension of the phase III pivotal trials. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2018; 77(12): 1710–1719.
  54. Quartier P, Alexeeva E, Tamas C, Chasnyk V, Wulffraat N, Palmblad K, et al. Tapering Canakinumab Monotherapy in Patients with Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in Clinical Remission: Results from an Open-label, Randomized Phase IIIb/ IV Study. Arthritis & rheumatology 2020.
  55. Brunner HI, Quartier P, Alexeeva E, Constantin T, Kone-Paut I, Marzan K, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Canakinumab in sJIA Patients with and without Fever at Baseline: Results from an Openlabel, Active Treatment Extension Study. Arthritis & rheumatology 2020.
  56. Lovell DJ, Giannini EH, Reiff AO, Kimura Y, Li S, Hashkes PJ, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of rilonacept in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis & rheumatism 2013; 65(9): 2486–2496.
  57. Ilowite NT, Prather K, Lokhnygina Y, Schanberg LE, Elder M, Milojevic D, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of rilonacept in the treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis & rheumatology 2014; 66(9): 2570–2579.
  58. Efthimiou P, Paik PK, Bielory L. Diagnosis and management of adult onset Still's disease. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006; 65(5): 564–572.
  59. Laskari K, Tzioufas AG, Moutsopoulos HM. Efficacy and long-term follow-up of IL-1R inhibitor anakinra in adults with Still's disease: a case-series study. Arthritis research & therapy 2011; 13(3): R91.
  60. Iliou C, Papagoras C, Tsifetaki N, Voulgari PV, Drosos AA. Adult-onset Still's disease: clinical, serological and therapeutic considerations. Clinical and experimental rheumatology 2013; 31(1): 47–52.
  61. Giampietro C, Ridene M, Lequerre T, Costedoat Chalumeau N, Amoura Z, Sellam J, et al. Anakinra in adult-onset Still's disease: long-term treatment in patients resistant to conventio- nal therapy. Arthritis care & research 2013; 65(5): 822–826.
  62. Ortiz-Sanjuan F, Blanco R, Riancho-Zarrabeitia L, Castaneda S, Olive A, Riveros A, et al. Efficacy of Anakinra in Refractory Adult-Onset Still's Disease: Multicenter Study of 41 Patients and Literature Review. Medicine 2015; 94(39): e1554.
  63. Cavalli G, Franchini S, Aiello P, Guglielmi B, Berti A, Campochiaro C, et al. Efficacy and safety of biological agents in adult-onset Still's disease. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology 2015; 44(4): 309–314.
  64. Sfriso P, Priori R, Valesini G, Rossi S, Montecucco CM, D'Ascanio A, et al. Adult-onset Still's disease: an Italian multicentre retrospective observational study of manifestations and treatments in 245 patients. Clinical rheumatology 2016; 35(7): 1683–1689.
  65. Dall'Ara F, Frassi M, Tincani A, Airo P. A retrospective study of patients with adult-onset Still's disease: is pericarditis a possible predictor for biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs need? Clinical rheumatology 2016; 35(8): 2117–2123.
  66. Nordstrom D, Knight A, Luukkainen R, van Vollenhoven R, Rantalaiho V, Kajalainen A, et al. Beneficial effect of interleukin 1 inhibition with anakinra in adult-onset Still's disease. An open, randomized, multicenter study. The Journal of rheumatology 2012; 39(10): 2008–2011.
  67. ClinicalTrials. U.S. National Library of Medicine https://cli- nicaltrials.gov.
  68. Sota J, Rigante D, Ruscitti P, Insalaco A, Sfriso P, Vita S de, et al. Anakinra Drug Retention Rate and Predictive Factors of Long-Term Response in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Adult Onset Still Disease. Frontiers in pharmacology 2019; 10: 918.
  69. Vitale A, Cavalli G, Colafrancesco S, Priori R, Valesini G, Argolini LM, et al. Long-Term Retention Rate of Anakinra in Adult Onset Still's Disease and Predictive Factors for Treatment Response. Frontiers in pharmacology 2019; 10: 296.
  70. Vitale A, Berlengiero V, Sota J, Ciarcia L, Ricco N, Barneschi S, et al. Real-Life Data on the Efficacy of Canakinumab in Patients with Adult-Onset Still's Disease. Mediators of inflammation 2020; 2020: 8054961.
  71. Kontzias A, Efthimiou P. The use of Canakinumab, a novel IL- 1beta long-acting inhibitor, in refractory adult-onset Still's disease. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2012; 42(2): 201–205.
  72. Banse C, Vittecoq O, Benhamou Y, Gauthier-Prieur M, Lequerre T, Levesque H. Reactive macrophage activation syndrome possibly triggered by canakinumab in a patient with adult-onset Still's disease. Joint bone spine 2013; 80(6): 653–655.
  73. Barsotti S, Neri R, Iacopetti V, D'Ascanio A, Talarico R, Tripoli A, et al. Successful treatment of refractory adult-onset still disease with canakinumab: a case report. Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases 2014; 20(2): 121.
  74. Lo Gullo A, Caruso A, Pipitone N, Macchioni P, Pazzola G, Salvarani C. Canakinumab in a case of adult onset still's disease: efficacy only on systemic manifestations. Joint bone spine 2014; 81(4): 376–377.
  75. Rossi-Semerano L, Fautrel B, Wendling D, Hachulla E, Galeotti C, Semerano L, et al. Tolerance and efficacy of off-label anti-interleukin-1 treatments in France: a nationwide survey. Orphanet journal of rare diseases 2015; 10: 19.
  76. Kedor C, Listing J, Zernicke J, Weiss A, Behrens F, Blank N, et al. Canakinumab for Treatment of Adult-Onset Still's Disease to Achieve Reduction of Arthritic Manifestation (CONSIDER): phase II, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, investigator-initiated trial. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2020.
  77. Vitale A, Cavalli G, Ruscitti P, Sota J, Colafrancesco S, Priori R, et al. Comparison of Early vs. Delayed Anakinra Treatment in Patients With Adult Onset Still's Disease and Effect on Clinical and Laboratory Outcomes. Frontiers in medicine 2020; 7: 42.
  78. So A, Meulemeester M de, Pikhlak A, Yucel AE, Richard D, Murphy V, et al. Canakinumab for the treatment of acute fla- res in difficult-to-treat gouty arthritis: Results of a multicenter, phase II, dose-ranging study. Arthritis and rheumatism 2010; 62(10): 3064–3076.
  79. Schlesinger N, Mysler E, Lin HY, Meulemeester M de, Rovensky J, Arulmani U, et al. Canakinumab reduces the risk of acute gouty arthritis flares during initiation of allopurinol treatment: results of a double-blind, randomised study. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2011; 70(7): 1264–1271.
  80. Schlesinger N, Alten RE, Bardin T, Schumacher HR, Bloch M, Gimona A, et al. Canakinumab for acute gouty arthritis in patients with limited treatment options: results from two randmised, multicentre, active-controlled, double-blind trials and their initial extensions. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2012; 71(11): 1839–1848.
  81. Terkeltaub RA, Schumacher HR, Carter JD, Baraf HS, Evans RR, Wang J, et al. Rilonacept in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis: a randomized, controlled clinical trial using indo- methacin as the active comparator. Arthritis research & therapy 2013; 15(1): R25.
  82. Ottaviani S, Molto A, Ea HK, Neveu S, Gill G, Brunier L, et al. Efficacy of anakinra in gouty arthritis: a retrospective study of 40 cases. Arthritis research & therapy 2013; 15(5): R123.
  83. Emmi G, Talarico R, Lopalco G, Cimaz R, Cantini F, Viapiana O et al. Efficacy and safety profile of anti-interleukin-1 tre- atment in Behcet's disease: a multicenter retrospective study. Clinical rheumatology 2016; 35(5): 1281–1286.
  84. Ridker PM, Everett BM, Thuren T, MacFadyen JG, Chang WH, Ballantyne C, et al. Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease. The New England journal of medici- ne 2017; 377(12): 1119–1131.
  85. Janssen CA, Voshaar MAHO, Vonkeman HE, Jansen T, Janssen M, Kok MR, et al. Anakinra for the treatment of acute gout flares: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, active-comparator, non-inferiority trial. Rheumatology 2019. doi: 10.1093/ rheumatology/key402
  86. Fabiani C, Vitale A, Rigante D, Emmi G, Lopalco G, Di Scala G, et al. The Presence of Uveitis Is Associated with a Sustained Response to the Interleukin (IL)-1 Inhibitors Anakinra and Canakinumab in Behcet's Disease. Ocular immunology and in-flammation 2020; 28(2): 298–304.
  87. Imazio M, Andreis A, Ferrari GM de, Cremer PC, Mardigyan V, Maestroni S, et al. Anakinra for corticosteroid-dependent and colchicine-resistant pericarditis: The IRAP (International Registry of Anakinra for Pericarditis) study. European journal of preventive cardiology 2020; 27(9): 956–964.
  88. Kone-Paut I, Tellier S, Belot A, Brochard K, Guitton C, Marie I, et al. Open Label, Phase II Study with Anakinra in Intravenous Immunoglobulin-Resistant Kawasaki Disease. Arthritis & rheumatology 2020.
  89. Thueringer JT, Doll NK, Gertner E. Anakinra for the treatment of acute severe gout in critically ill patients. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2015; 45(1): 81–85.
  90. Liew JW, Gardner GC. Use of Anakinra in Hospitalized Patients with Crystal-associated Arthritis. The Journal of rheumatology 2019; 46(10): 1345–1349.
  91. Sota J, Vitale A, Insalaco A, Sfriso P, Lopalco G, Emmi G, et al. Safety profile of the interleukin-1 inhibitors anakinra and canakinumab in real-life clinical practice: a nationwide multicenter retrospective observational study. Clinical rheumatology 2018; 37(8): 2233–2240.
  92. Poetker DM, Reh DD. A comprehensive review of the adverse effects of systemic corticosteroids. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America 2010; 43(4): 753–768.
  93. Kalden JR, Schulze-Koops H. Immunogenicity and loss of response to TNF inhibitors: implications for rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Nature reviews. Rheumatology 2017; 13(12): 707–718.
  94. Nigrovic PA. Review: is there a window of opportunity for treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis? Arthritis & rheumatology 2014; 66(6): 1405–1413.
Labels
Dermatology & STDs Paediatric rheumatology Rheumatology
Gender difference in disease severity and treatment outcomes among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) starting treatment with targeted therapies in the Czech Republic − analysis from the nation-wide ATTRA registry of biological therapy
Gender difference in disease severity and treatment outcomes among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) treated for one year with certolizumab pegol − analysis from the nationwide ATTRA registry of biological therapy
Validation of Czech versions of questionnaires assessing male sexual function and pelvic floor function
ANCA associated vasculitis with skin ulcers of the cald, clinically manifested as pyoderma gangrenosum
KALENDÁŘ AKCÍ ČRS V ROCE 2022
Etiketa pro lékaře, zdravotníky a pomáhající profese
Article was published in

Czech Rheumatology

Issue 4
2021 Issue 4
Most read in this issue
Topics Journals
Login
Forgotten password

Enter the email address that you registered with. We will send you instructions on how to set a new password.

Login

Don‘t have an account?  Create new account

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#