Ultrasonic staging cervical cancer –a proposal for the standard procedure
Authors:
Vít Weinberger 1; M. Dvořák 2; L. Haaková 3; L. Hašlík 3; P. Herboltová 4; B. Chaloupková 5; J. Kožnarová 6; B. Kubešová 7; I. Lukáčová 8; R. Marek 9; H. Neumannová 2; R. Peschout 4; V. Přibyl 8; I. Sedláková 10; M. Smažinka 11; P. Svobodová 7; M. Vančo 12; P. Vlasák 11; D. Fischerová 13; Michal Zikán 13
Authors‘ workplace:
Onkogynekologické centrum, Gynekologicko-porodnická klinika LF MU a FN, Brno
přednosta prof. MUDr. P. Ventruba, DrSc., MBA
1; Onkogynekologické centrum, Gynekologicko-porodnická klinika 1. LF UK a Nemocnice Na Bulovce, Praha, přednosta prof. MUDr. M. Halaška, DrSc.
2; Ústav pro péči o matku a dítě, Praha, ředitel doc. MUDr. J. Feyereisl, CSc.
3; Onkogynekologické centrum, Gynekologicko-porodnické oddělení Nemocnice, Jihlava
primář prof. MUDr. A. Roztočil, CSc.
4; Onkogynekologické centrum, Porodnicko-gynekologické oddělení, Krajská nemocnice T. Bati, a. s., Zlín, primář MUDr. Z. Adamík, Ph. D.
5; Onkogynekologické centrum, Gynekologicko-porodnické odd. Nemocnice České Budějovice a. s.
primář MUDr. P. Sák, PhD.
6; Gynekologicko-porodnická klinika 3. LF UK a FNKV, Praha, přednosta doc. MUDr. E. Kučera, CSc.
7; Onkogynekologické centrum, Porodnicko-gynekologická klinika FN, Ostrava
přednosta doc. MUDr. V. Unzeitig, CSc.
8; Onkogynekologické centrum, Porodnicko-gynekologická klinika LF UP a FN, Olomouc
přednosta prof. MUDr. R. Pilka, Ph. D.
9; Porodnická a gynekologická klinika LF a FN, Hradec Králové, přednosta doc. MUDr. J. Špaček, PhD., IFEPAG.
10; Onkogynekologické centrum, Gynekologicko-porodnická klinika LF UK a FN, Plzeň
přednosta doc. MUDr. Z. Novotný, CSc.
11; Onkogynekologické centrum, Gynekologicko-porodnické odd., Masarykova nemocnice, Ústí nad Labem, přednosta doc. MUDr. T. Binder, CSc.
12; Onkogynekologické centrum, Gynekologicko-porodnická klinika 1. LF UK a VFN, Praha
přednosta prof. MUDr. A. Martan, DrSc.
13
Published in:
Ceska Gynekol 2014; 79(6): 447-455
Overview
Objective:
To develop guidelines for the ultrasound examination of cervical cancer, including a unified ultrasound terminology.
Subject:
Original paper.
Setting:
Gynecological Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and General Faculty Hospital Brno, and Gynecological Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charles University in Prague – First Faculty of Medicine and General Faculty Hospital Prague.
Subject and method:
The standard diagnostic algo-rithm for examination of cervical cancer in oncogynecology centers in the Czech Republic is based on published studies, own experience (Oncogynecological Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics,1st Medical Faculty, Charles University) and the experiences of a group of ultrasonographers involved in the grant project IGA MZ ČR NT13070 focused on the implementation of an oncogynecological ultrasound into clinical practice. Standard ultrasound examination includes two-dimensional real-time ultrasound examination (sagittal and transverse views). Transrectal or transvaginal ultrasound examination is combined with transabdominal ultrasound. Prerequisites are quality ultrasound equipment, a high frequency microconvex linear probe and abdominal convex and linear probe. The examination is performed by an experienced sonographer (level 2 or 3 according to the recommendations of the Ultrasound division of the Czech Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Czech Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology). Intravenous administration of contrast material or three-dimensional ultrasound examination do not influence accuracy of the examination and is not a prerequisite.
Conclusion:
Based on the consensus of experienced sonographers and a review of the literature, guidelines were created for ultrasound staging of cervical cancer.
Keywords:
ultrasound, cervical cancer, staging
Sources
1. Balleyguier, C., Sala, E., Da Cunha, T., et al. Staging of uterine cervical cancer with MRI: guidelines of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology. Eur Radiol, 2011, 21, 5, p. 1102–1110.
2. Benedet, JL., Bender, H., Jones, H., 3rd, et al. FIGO staging classifications and clinical practice guidelines in the management of gynecologic cancers. FIGO Committee on Gynecologic Oncology. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2000, 70, 2, p. 209–262.
3. Calda, P., Břešťák, M., Fischerová, D. Doporučený postup: ultrazvukové vyšetření v porodnictví a gynekologii: třístupňová koncepce a certifikace. Actual Gyn, 2011, 3, p. 42–46.
4. Cibula, D., Abu-Rustum, NR., Benedetti-Panici, P., et al. New classification system of radical hysterectomy: emphasis on a three-dimensional anatomic template for parametrial resection. Gynecol Oncol, 2011, 122, 2, p. 264–268.
5. Delgado, G., Bundy, B., Zaino, R., et al. Prospective surgical-pathological study of disease-free interval in patients with stage IB squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol, 1990, 38, 3, p. 352–357.
6. Dušek, L. Epidemiologie zhoubných nádorů v České republice. 2010.
7. Epstein, E., Di Legge, A., Masback, A., et al. Sonographic characteristics of squamous cell cancer and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2010, 36, 4, p. 512–516.
8. Epstein, E., Testa, A., Gaurilcikas, A., et al. Early-stage cervical cancer: tumor delineation by magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound – a European multicenter trial. Gynecol Oncol, 2013, 128, 3, p. 449–453.
9. Fischerova, D., Cibula, D., Stenhova, H., et al. Transrectal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in staging of early cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer, 2008, 18, 4, p. 766–772.
10. Fischerova, D. Ultrasound scanning of the pelvis and abdomen for staging of gynecological tumors: a review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2011, 38, 3, p. 246–266.
11. Iwamoto, K., Kigawa, J., Minagawa, Y., et al. Transvaginal ultrasonographic diagnosis of bladder-wall invasion in patients with cervical cancer. Obstet Gynecol, 1994, 83, 2, p. 217–219.
12. Lagasse, LD., Creasman, WT., Shingleton, HM., et al. Results and complications of operative staging in cervical cancer: experience of the Gynecologic Oncology Group. Gynecol Oncol, 1980, 9, 1, p. 90–98.
13. Pecorelli, S. Revised FIGO staging for carcinoma of the vulva, cervix, and endometrium. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2009, 105, 2, p. 103–104.
14. Piver, MS., Chung, WS. Prognostic significance of cervical lesion size and pelvic node metastases in cervical carcinoma. Obstet Gynecol, 1975, 46, 5, p. 507–510.
15. Qin, Y., Peng, Z., Lou, J., et al. Discrepancies between clinical staging and pathological findings of operable cervical carcinoma with stage IB–IIB: a retrospective analysis of 818 patients. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2009, 49, 5, p. 542–544.
16. Querleu, D., Morrow, CP. Classification of radical hysterectomy. Lancet Oncol, 2008, 9, 3, p. 297–303.
17. Quinn, MA., Benedet, JL., Odicino, F., et al. Carcinoma of the cervix uteri. FIGO 26th Annual Report on the Results of Treatment in Gynecological Cancer. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2006, 95 Suppl 1, p. S43–103.
18. Rob, L., Skapa, P., Robova, H. Fertility-sparing surgery in patients with cervical cancer. Lancet Oncol, 2011, 12, 2, p. 192–200.
19. Testa, AC., Ludovisi, M., Manfredi, R., et al. Transvaginal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of presence, size and extent of invasive cervical cancer. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2009, 34, 3, p. 335–344.
20. Testa, AC., Van Holsbeke, C., Mascilini, F., Timmerman, D. Dynamic and interactive gynecological ultrasound examination. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2009, 34, 2, p. 225–229.
21. Timmerman, D., Valentin, L., Bourne, TH., et al. Terms, definitions and measurements to describe the sonographic features of adnexal tumors: a consensus opinion from the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) Group. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2000, 16, 5, p. 500–505.
22. Van Nagell, JR., Jr., Roddick, JW., Jr., Lowin, DM. The staging of cervical cancer: inevitable discrepancies between clinical staging and pathologic findinges. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1971, 110, 7, p. 973–978.
23. Zikan, M., Fischerova, D., Slama, J., et al. [Transabdominal ultrasound examination in gynecology]. Ces Gynek, 2011, 76, 4, p. 252–257.
Labels
Paediatric gynaecology Gynaecology and obstetrics Reproduction medicineArticle was published in
Czech Gynaecology
2014 Issue 6
Most read in this issue
- Recommended guidelines of diagnosis for women with an ovarian cyst or tumour
- Ultrasound staging of endometrial cancer – recommended methodology of examination
- Ultrasonic staging cervical cancer –a proposal for the standard procedure
- Endometrial cancer – preoperative identification of low and high risk endometrial cancer (a review of the most recent ultrasound studies)