Epilepsy and the Sleep-Waking Cycle

Czech version

Authors: MUDr. Evžen Nešpor
Authors‘ workplace: Neurologická klinika VFN a 1. LF UK, Praha
Published in: Cesk Slov Neurol N 2007; 70/103(2): 129-135
Category: Review Article

Overview

The research has dealt with studying the epilepsy–sleep interaction. This is applied at the level of circadian cycle of sleep and waking, then at the level of sleep macrostructure and, finally, at the level of sleep microstructure. At the sleep microstructure level, the relation of epileptic ictal as well as interictal phenomena to the cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) is significant. Physiological meaning of CAP consists in cyclic alternations of excitation and inhibition of NREM sleep. Its morphology differs according to the depth of NREM sleep. CAP is not manifested in REM sleep.

In a special part there is described the interaction of sleep and individual types of epilepsy. Age-related sleep epileptic syndromes are mentioned separately. The relation of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and allied syndromes to sleep deprivation is especially significant in a group of generalized epilepsies. All the types of frontal seizures, obligatorily autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal epilepsies can have important and frequent bond to sleep.

Key words:
epilepsy, sleep, cyclic alternating pattern, autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal epilepsy.

Sources

1. Gowers WR. Epilepsy and Other Chronic Convulsive Diseases. Vol. 1. London: William Wood 1885.

2. Langdon-Down M, Brain WR. Time of day in relation to convulsions in epilepsy. Lancet 1929; 2:1029–32.

3. Janz D. The grand-mal epilepsies and the sleep-waking cycle. Epilepsia 1962; 3: 69-129.

4. Gibbs E L, Gibbs FA. Diagnostic and localizing value of electrographic studies in sleep. Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis 1947; 26: 366–76.

5. Billiard M. Epilepsy and the Sleep-Wake cycle in Man. In: Sterman MB, Shouse MN, Passouant P (Eds). Sleep and Epilepsy. New York: Academic Press 1982: 269-72.

6. Terzano MG, Mancia D, Salati MF, Costani G, Decembrino A, Parino L. The cyclic alternating pattern as a physiological component of normal NREM sleep. Sleep 1985; 8: 137-45.

7. Broughton RJ. Biorythmic variations in consciousness and psychological functions. Can Psychol Rev 1975; 16: 217–30.

8. Borbely AA. Sleep Homeostasis and Models of Sleep Regulations. In: Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC (Eds). Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine. 2. ed. Philadelphia: WBSaunders 1994: 309–20.

9. Murphy PJ, Campbell SS. Physiology of the circadian system in animals and humans. J Clin Neurophysiol 1966; 13: 2-16.

10. Dijk DJ, Beersma MG, Brunner DP, Daan S, Borbely AA. Spectral Analysis of Day-Sleep in Humans. In: Horne J (Ed). Sleep ´90. Bochum: Pontenagel Press 1990: 324–8.

11. Griffiths GN, Fox IT. Rythms in epilepsy. Lancet 1938; 234: 409-16.

12. Shouse MN, Martins da Silva AM, Sammaritano M. Circadian Rhythm, Sleep and Epilepsy. J Clin Neurophysiol 1996;13: 32–50.

13. Kleitman N. Sleep and wakefulness. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1963.

14. Kellaway P. Sleep and epilepsy. Epilepsia 1985; 26: 15-30.

15. Malow BA, Kushwaha R, Lin X, Morton KJ, Aldrich M. Relationship of interictal epileptiform discharges to sleep depth in partial epilepsy. Electroencephalogr clin Neurophysiol 1997; 102: 20–6.

16. Crespel A, Baldy-Moulinier R, Coubes P. The relationship between sleep and epilepsy in frontal and temporal lobe epilepsies: Practical and Physiopathologic considerations. Epilepsia 1998; 39(2):150–7.

17. Malow BA, Lin X, Kushwaha R, Aldrich MS. Interictal Spiking Increases with Sleep Depth in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Epilepsia 1998; 39: 1309-16.

18. Terzano MG, Parrino L, and Spaggiari MC. The cyclic alternating pattern sequences in the dynamic organisation of sleep. Electroencephalogr clin Neurophysiol 1988; 69:437-47.

19. Parrino L, Terzano MG. Cyclic Alternating Pattern and Sleep. In: Dinner DS, Luders HO (Eds). Epilepsy and Sleep: Physiological and Clinical Relationships. San Diego: Academic Press 2001: 121–49.

20. Terzano MG, Parrino L. Clinical applications of cyclic alternating pattern. Physiol Behav 1993; 54: 807-13.

21. Terzano MG, Parrino L, Anelli S, Halász P. Modulation of generalized spike-and-wave discharges during sleep by cyclic alternating pattern. Epilepsia 1989; 30: 772-81.

22. Terzano MG, Parrino L, Aneliĺi S, Boselli M, Clemens B. Effects of generalized interictal EEG discharges on sleep stability: Assesment by means of alternating cyclic pattern. Epilepsia 1992; 33: 317-26.

23. Gigli GL, Marciani MG, Mazza S, Mennuni G, Diomedi M, Terzano MG et al. Sleep Microstructure and EEG Epileptiform Activity in Patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy. Epilepsia 1992; 33: 799-804.

24. Pantry G, Lyagoubi S, Tassinari CA. Subclinical electrical status epilepticus induced by sleep in children. Arch Neurol 1971; 24: 242-52.

25. Tassinari CA, Melleti S, Volpi L, Guido R, Michelucci R. Electrical status epilepticus of sleep. In: Dinner DS, Luders HO (Eds). Epilepsy and Sleep: Physiological and Clinical Relationships. San Diego: Academic Press 2001: 155–172.

26. Morikawa T, Seino M, Watanabe Y, Watanabe M, Yagi K. Clinical Revelance of Continuous Spike-Waves during Slow Sleep. In: Manelis S, Bental E, Loeber J N, Dreifuss FE (Eds). Advances in Epileptology. New York: Raven Press 1989: 359- 63.

27. Hirsch E, Pierre M, Metz-Lutz MN, Motta J, Finck S Marescaux C. The Eponym "Landau-Kleffner Syndreme" Should Not Be Restricted to Childhood-Aquired Aphasia with Epilepsy. In: Beaumanoir M, Bureau M, Deonna T, Mira L, Tassinari CA (Eds). Countinuous Spikes and Waves during Slow Sleep. London: John Libbey 1995: 57-62.

28. Komárek V. Benigní epilepsie s rolandickými hroty (BERS), benigní epilepsie s centrotemporálními hroty (BECT). In: Komárek V. Epileptické záchvaty a syndromy. Praha: Galén 1997: 109-10.

29. Eeg-Olofsson O. Rolandic epilepsy. In: Basil CW, Malow BA, Sammaritano MR (Eds). Sleep and Epilepsy: the Clinical Spectrum. Amsterdam: Elsevier 2002: 257–63.

30. Kaga M. Language disorders in Landau-Kleffner syndrome. J Child Neurol 1999; 14: 118-22.

31. Komárek V. Landauův-Kleffnerův syndrom (LKS). In: Komárek V. Epileptické záchvaty a syndromy. Praha: Galén 1997: 109-10.

32. Morrell F, Whisler WW, Smith MC, Hoeppner TJ, De Toledo-Morrell L, Pierre-Luis SJC et al. Landau-Kleffner syndrome.Treatment with subpial intracortical transection. Brain 1995; 118: 1529-46.

33. Marescaux C, Hirsch E, Finck S, Marquet P, Shlumberger E, Sellal E et al. Landau-Kleffner syndrome. A pharmacologic study of five cases. Epilepsia 1990; 31: 768-77.

34. Noachtar S. Generalized Epilepsy and Sleep. In: Dinner DS, Luders HO (Eds). Epilepsy and Sleep: Physiological and Clinical Relationships. San Diego: Academic Press 2001: 75-83.

35. Touchon J, Baldy-Moulinier M, Billiard M, Besset A, Cadilhac J. Effect of Awakening on Epileptic Activity in Primary Generalized Myoclonic Epilepsy. In: Sterman MB, House MN, Passouant P (Eds). Sleep and Epilepsy. New York: Academic Press 1982: 239–48.

36. Broughton RJ. Epilepsy and Sleep: A Synopsis and Prospectus. In: Degen R, Niedermeyer E (Eds). Epilepsy and sleep and sleep deprivation. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1984: 317-46.

37. Niedermayer E. Petit Mal, Primary Generalized Epilepsy and Sleep. In: Sterman NB, Passouant P, Shouse MN (Eds). Sleep and Epilepsy. New York: Academic Press 1982: 191-207.

38. Touchon J, Baldy-Moulinier M, Billiard M, Besset A, Cadilhac J. Sleep Organization and Epilepsy. In: Degan R, Rodin EA (Eds). Epilepsy, Sleep and Sleep Deprivation. 2. ed. New York: Elsevier 1991: 273-81.

39. Roder-Wanner UU, Wolf P,and Danninger T. Are Sleep Patterns in Epileptic Patients Correlated with Their Type of Epilepsy. In: Martins da Silva A, Binnie C, Meinardi H (Eds). Biorythms and Epilepsy. New York: Raven Press 1985: 109-21.

40. Janz D. Epilepsy and the sleeping-Waking cycle. In: Wicken PJ, Bruyn, GW (Eds). Handbuch of Clinical Neurology. Amsterdam: North Holland 1974: 457–90.

41. Passaut P, Besset A, Carriere A, Billiard M. Night sleep and generalized epilepsy. In: Koella VP, Levin P (Eds). Sleep. Basel: Karger 1974: 185–96.

42. Sammaritano M, Gigli G, Gotman J. Interictal spiking during wakefulness and sleep and the localization of foci in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology 1991; 41: 280-97.

43. Sammaritano MR. Focal Epilepsy and Sleep. In: Dinner DS, Luders HO (Eds). Epilepsy and Sleep: Physiological and Clinical Relationships. San Diego: Academic Press 2001: 85–100.

44. Bazil CW,Castro HM, Walczak TS. Daytime seizures increase REM latency and decrease total REM. Epilepsia 1997; 38(8): 176.

45. Beaussart M. Benign epilepsy of children with rolandic (centro – temporal) paroxysmal foci – a clinical entity. Study of 221 cases. Epilepsia 1972; 13: 795–811.

46. Anand I, Dinner DS. Relation of supplementary motor area and sleep. Epilepsia 1997; 38(8): 48.

47. Dinner DS. Supplementary sensomotor area epilepsy. In: Basil CW, Malow BA, Sammaritano MR (Eds). Sleep and Epilepsy: the Clinical Spectrum. Amsterdam: Elsevier 2002: 223–6.

48. Williamson PD, Spencer DD, Spencer SS, Novelly RA, Mattson RH. Complex partial seizures of frontal lobe origin. Ann Neurol 1985; 18: 497–504.

49. Scheffer IE, Bhatia KP, Lopes-Cendes I, Fish DR, Marsden CD, Andermann E. Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: A distinctive clinical disorder. Brain 1995; 118: 61-73.

50. Oldani A, Zucconi M, Asselta R, Modugno M, Bonati MT, Dapra L et al. Autosomal dominant nocturmal frontal lobe epilepsy. A video-polysomnographic and genetic appraisal of 40 patients and delineation of the epileptic syndrome. Brain 1998; 121: 205-23.

51. Bercovic SF, Scheffer IE. Autosomal dominant nocturnal lobe epilepsy. In: Basil CW, Malow BA, Sammaritano MR (Eds). Sleep and Epilepsy: the Clinical Spectrum. Amsterdam: Elsevier 2002: 217–21.

52. Phillips HA, Scheffer IE, Bercovic SF, Hollway GE, Sutherland GR, Mulley JC. Localisation of a gene for autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy to chromosome 20q13.2. Nat Genet 1995; 10: 117–118.

53. Phillips HA, Marini C, Scheffer IE, Sutherland GR, Mulley JC, Bercovic SF. A de novo mutation in sporadic nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2000; 48: 264–67.