Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. What do we know about this in 2020?

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21.  Fraser, J. D., Otawara, Y., Price, P. A. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates the synthesis of matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein by osteosarcoma cells. Mutually exclusive expression of vitamin K-dependent bone proteins by clonal osteoblastic cell lines. J Biol. Chem., 1988, 263, p. 911-6.

22.  London, G. M., Guerin, A. P., Verbeke, F. H., Pannier, B., Boutouyrie, P., Marchais, S. J. et al. Mineral metabolism and arterial functions in end-stage renal di-sease: potential role of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency. J Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2007, 18, p. 613-20.

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24.  Giallauria, F., Milaneschi, Y., Tanaka, T., Maggio, M., Canepa, M., Elango, P. et al. Arterial stiffness and vitamin D levels: the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging. J Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2012, 97, p. 3717-23.

25.  Jha, P., Dolan, L. M., Khoury, P. R., Urbina, E. M., Kimball, T. R., Shah, A. S. Low Serum Vitamin D Le-vels Are Associated With Increased Arterial Stiffness in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2015, 38, p. 1551-7.

26.  Sabio, J. M., Vargas-Hitos, J. A., Martinez-Bordonado, J., Navarrete-Navarrete, N., Diaz-Chamorro, A., Olvera-Porcel, C. et al. Association between low 25-hydroxyvitamin D, insulin resistance and arterial stiffness in nondiabetic women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus, 2015, 24, p. 155-63.

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28.  Lee, S., Ahuja, V., Masaki, K., Evans, R. W., Barinas-Mitchell, E. J., Ueshima, H., et al. A Significant Positive Association of Vitamin D Deficiency with Coronary Artery Calcification among Middle-aged Men: For the ERA JUMP Study. J Am. Coll. Nutr., 2016, 35, p. 614-20.

29.  Lai, S., Fishman, E. K., Gerstenblith, G., Brinker, J., Tai, H., Chen, S. et al. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with coronary artery calcification in cardiovascularly asymptomatic African Americans with HIV infection. Vasc. Health Risk Manag., 2013, 9, p. 493-500.

30.  Linhartova, K., Veselka, J., Sterbakova, G., Racek, J., Topolcan, O., Cerbak, R. Parathyroid hormone and vitamin D levels are independently associated with calcific aortic stenosis. Circ. J., 2008, 72, p. 245-50.

31.  Wang, T. J., Pencina, M. J., Booth, S. L., Jacques, P. F., Ingelsson, E., Lanier, K. et al. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease. Circulation, 2008, 117, p. 503-11.

32.  Giovannucci, E., Liu, Y., Hollis, B. W., Rimm, E. B. 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of myocardial infarction in men: a prospective study. Arch. Intern. Med., 2008, 168, p. 1174-80.

33.  Dobnig, H., Pilz, S., Scharnagl, H., Renner, W., Seelhorst, U., Wellnitz, B. et al. Independent association of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Arch. Intern. Med., 2008, 168, p. 1340-9.

34.  Autier, P., Gandini, S. Vitamin D supplementation and total mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch. Intern. Med., 2007, 167, p. 1730-7.

35.  Trivedi, D. P., Doll, R., Khaw, K. T. Effect of four monthly oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on fractures and mortality in men and women living in the community: randomised double blind controlled trial. Bmj., 2003, 326, p. 469.

36.  Hsia, J., Heiss, G., Ren, H., Allison, M., Dolan, N. C., Greenland, P. et al. Calcium/vitamin D supplementation and cardiovascular events. Circulation, 2007, 115, p. 846-54.

37.  Kovesdy, C. P., Ahmadzadeh, S., Anderson, J. E., Kalantar-Zadeh, K. Association of activated vitamin D treatment and mortality in chronic kidney disease. Arch. Intern. Med., 2008, 168, p. 397-403.

38.  Manson, J. E., Cook, N. R., Lee, I. M., Christen, W., Bassuk, S. S., Mora, S. et al. Vitamin D Supplements and Prevention of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl. J Med., 2019, 380, p. 33-44.

39.  Scragg, R., Stewart, A. W., Waayer, D., Lawes, C. M. M., Toop, L., Sluyter, J. et al. Effect of Monthly High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Cardiovascular Di-sease in the Vitamin D Assessment Study : A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol., 2017, 2, p. 608-16.

40.  Zittermann, A., Ernst, J. B., Prokop, S., Fuchs, U., Dreier, J., Kuhn, J. et al. Effect of vitamin D on all-cause mortality in heart failure (EVITA): a 3-year randomized clinical trial with 4000 IU vitamin D daily. Eur. Heart. J., 2017, 38, p. 2279-86.

41.  Barbarawi, M., Kheiri, B., Zayed, Y., Barbarawi, O., Dhillon, H., Swaid, B. et al. Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease Risks in More Than 83000 Individuals in 21 Randomized Clinical Trials: A Meta-analysis. JAMA Cardiol., 2019, 4, p. 765-76.