HIV testing and treatment coverage achieved after 4 years across 14 urban and peri-urban communities in Zambia and South Africa: An analysis of findings from the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial
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Sian Floyd aff001; Kwame Shanaube aff002; Blia Yang aff003; Ab Schaap aff001; Sam Griffith aff004; Mwelwa Phiri aff002; David Macleod aff001; Rosa Sloot aff005; Kalpana Sabapathy aff001; Virginia Bond aff005; Peter Bock aff003; Helen Ayles aff002; Sarah Fidler aff007; Richard Hayes aff001;
Působiště autorů:
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
aff001; Zambart, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
aff002; Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
aff003; FHI 360, HIV Prevention Trials Network, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
aff004; Department of Global Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
aff005; Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
aff006; HIV Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
aff007
Vyšlo v časopise:
HIV testing and treatment coverage achieved after 4 years across 14 urban and peri-urban communities in Zambia and South Africa: An analysis of findings from the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial. PLoS Med 17(4): e1003067. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003067
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003067
Souhrn
Background
In 2014, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) set the 90-90-90 targets: that 90% of people living with HIV know their HIV status, that 90% of those who know their HIV-positive status are on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and that 90% of those on treatment are virally suppressed. The aim was to reach these targets by 2020. We assessed the feasibility of achieving the first two targets, and the corresponding 81% ART coverage target, as part of the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 071 Population Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy to Reduce HIV Transmission (PopART) community-randomized trial.
Methods and findings
The study population was individuals aged ≥15 years living in 14 urban and peri-urban “PopART intervention” communities in Zambia and South Africa (SA), with a total population of approximately 600,000 and approximately 15% adult HIV prevalence. Community HIV care providers (CHiPs) delivered the PopART intervention during 2014–2017. This was a combination HIV prevention package including universal home-based HIV testing, referral of HIV-positive individuals to government HIV clinic services that offered universal ART (Arm A) or ART according to national guidelines (Arm B), and revisits to HIV-positive individuals to support linkage to HIV care and retention on ART. The intervention was delivered in 3 “rounds,” each about 15 months long, during which CHiPs visited all households and aimed to contact all individuals aged ≥15 years at least once.
In Arm A in Round 3 (R3), 67% (41,332/61,402) of men and 86% (56,345/65,896) of women in Zambia and 56% (17,813/32,095) of men and 71% (24,461/34,514) of women in SA participated in the intervention, among 193,907 residents aged ≥15 years. Following participation, HIV status was known by 90% of men and women in Zambia and by 78% of men and 85% of women in SA. The median time from CHiP referral of HIV-positive individuals to ART initiation was approximately 3 months. By the end of R3, an estimated 95% of HIV-positive women and 85% of HIV-positive men knew their HIV status, and among these individuals, approximately 90% of women and approximately 85% of men were on ART. ART coverage among all HIV-positive individuals was approximately 85% in women and approximately 75% in men, up from about 45% at the start of the study. ART coverage was lowest among men aged 18 to 34 and women aged 15 to 24 years, and among mobile individuals/in-migrants. Findings from Arm B were similar. The main limitations to our study were that estimates of testing and treatment coverage among men relied on considerable extrapolation because, in each round, approximately one-third of men did not participate in the PopART intervention; that our findings are for a service delivery model that was relatively intensive; and that we did not have comparable data from the 7 “standard-of-care” (Arm C) communities.
Conclusions
Our study showed that very high HIV testing and treatment coverage can be achieved through persistent delivery of universal testing, facilitated linkage to HIV care, and universal treatment services. The ART coverage target of 81% was achieved overall, after 4 years of delivery of the PopART intervention, though important gaps remained among men and young people. Our findings are consistent with previously reported findings from southern and east Africa, extending their generalisability to urban settings with high rates of in-migration and mobility and to Zambia and SA.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01900977.
Klíčová slova:
Age groups – Antiretroviral therapy – Extrapolation – HIV – HIV diagnosis and management – HIV epidemiology – HIV prevention – Zambia
Zdroje
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