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Lumbar sympathectomy − literature review over the past 15 years


Authors: M. Pekař 1,2;  M. Mazur 1;  A. Pekařová 2;  J. Kozák 3;  A. Foltýs 1
Authors‘ workplace: Chirurgické oddělení Vítkovické nemocnice a. s., Ostrava primář: MUDr. M. Mazur, Ph. D. 1;  Fyziologický ústav LF Masarykovy univerzity, Brno přednosta: doc. PharmDr. P. Babula, Ph. D. 2;  Vaskulární centrum, Interní oddělení Vítkovické nemocnice a. s., Ostrava primář: MUDr. D. Kučera, Ph. D. 3
Published in: Rozhl. Chir., 2016, roč. 95, č. 3, s. 101-106.
Category: Review

Overview

Introduction:
Lumbar sympathectomy (LS) irreversibly damages a part of the sympathetic trunk and adjacent ganglia between L1 and L5, typically between L2 and L4. The first LS was performed in 1923. Initially, it used to be performed very often; however, with the progress of vascular and endovascular surgery its importance gradually continues to decline. The aim of the paper is to present literature review focusing on LS over the past 15 years.

Method:
Literature review of 113 academic articles found in academic journal databases.

Pathophysiology:
Irreversible interruption of the efferent innervation leads to relative vasodilation of small vessels in lower extremities (α1-receptors blockade), and it reduces the volume of sweat due to inactivation of eccrine glands and nociception from lower limbs.

Indication:
Raynaud´s phenomenon, thromboangitis obliterans, non-revascularizable peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (Fontain grade III-IV), hyperhidrosis, persistent pain in lower extremities, chronic pain of amputation stump, frostbites, chilblains.

Effect:
The three largest studies showed a positive effect in 63.6–93.4% cases of PAD and in 97%−100% cases of hyperhidrosis. The positive effect was defined as warmer lower extremities, increased blood flow, acceleration of chronic defects healing, sweating disappearance and pain reduction.

Conclusion:
Lumbar sympathectomy still remains a useful method in the treatment of above mentioned diseases if properly indicated.

Key words:
lumbar sympathectomy – Raynaud´s phenomenon – thromboangitis obliterans –peripheral arterial disease – hyperhidrosis


Sources

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2. Kordiak J, Santorek-Strumiłło E, Brocki M, et al. The effects of lumbar sympathectomy in patients with chronic leg ischemia. Clin Exp Med Lett 2008;49:83–5.

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28. Matarazzo A, Rosati Tarulli V, Sassi O, et al. Possibilities at present for the application of lumbar sympathectomy in chronic occlusive arterial disease of the lower limbs. Minerva Cardioangiol 2002;50:363–9.

29. Shor NA, Zhadanov VI. Indications for lumbar sympathectomy and prognostication of its outcome in patients with obliterating atherosclerosis of the lower extremity arteries in chronic critical tissue ischemia. Klin. Khirurhiia Minist. Okhorony Zdorovia Ukraïny Nauk Tovarystvo Khirurhiv Ukraïny 2009;25–8.

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31. Verma YS, Thakur JR, Sodhi SS. Evaluation of chemical lumbar sympathectomy for chronic arterial ischaemia of lower limb(s). J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2007;23:391–4.

32. Bozkurt AK, Demirbas MY, Sayin AG, et al. A randomized trial of intravenous iloprost (a stable prostacyclin analogue) versus lumbar sympathectomy in the management of Buerger’s disease. Int Angiol 2006;25:162–8.

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