Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection among infants in the first year of life (Czech Republic, 2017–2022)
Authors:
P. Pazdiora 1; O. Šanca 2
Authors‘ workplace:
Ústav epidemiologie, Lékařská fakulta v Plzni, Univerzita Karlova
1; Ústav zdravotnických informací a statistiky České republiky
2
Published in:
Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol. 73, 2024, č. 2, s. 67-75
Category:
Original Papers
doi:
https://doi.org/10.61568/emi/11-6306/20240424/137079
Overview
Objectives: Due to the lack of data on the frequency and seriousness of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in the Czech Republic among children under 1 year, an analysis was made of available data on hospitalizations and the risk of hospitalization was estimated for different age groups.
Methods: Data from the Registry of Reimbursed Health Services and the National Registry of Hospitalizations were used for the analyses. Hospitalizations and deaths due to RSV infection (diagnoses J12.1, J20.5, J21.0) from 2017-2022 were analysed by month of the first year of life.
Results: Over the study period, there were 4,356 hospitalizations with the above diagnoses, ranging between years from 172 to 1,445. The estimated overall hospitalization risk per 100,000 population and year for diagnoses J12.1, J20.5, and J21.0 was 656.26, varying between 156.29 (2020) and 1,294.12 (2021). Age-group analysis showed the highest risk for children under 6 months of age (953.97/100,000 population per year). They accounted for 72.7% of the total of hospitalizations in patients under 1 year of age, with the highest number of hospitalizations observed in 1-3-month-olds. The most frequent cause of hospitalizations with RSV infection was bronchitis, representing 55.4% of the above diagnoses. During the 6-year period, 3,771 full-term infants and 585 (13.4%) preterm infants were hospitalized. Among those 4,356 hospitalized with diagnoses J12.1, J20.5, and J21.0, 22 deaths (0.5%) were reported.
Conclusions: RSV-associated hospitalizations have been recorded in all age groups in the Czech Republic. The highest RSV-associated hospitalization risk in 2017–2022 was estimated among children under 6 months of age. Passive surveillance using the available registries can be currently considered as an appropriate basis for adopting targeted measures specifically tailored to the youngest age categories.
Keywords:
hospitalization – Prophylaxis – Respiratory syncytial virus – deaths – preterm infants
Sources
- Arriola CS, Kim L, Langley G, et al. Estimated Burden of Community-Onset Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Hospitalizations Among Children Aged <2 Years in the United States, 2014–2015. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc, 2020;9(5):587–595.
- Baraldi E, Checcucci Lisi G, Costantino C, et al. RSV disease in infants and young children: Can we see a brighter future? Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2022;18(4):2079322.
- Bardsley M, Morbey RA, Hughes HE, et al. Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in England during the COVID-19 pandemic, measured by laboratory, clinical, and syndromic surveillance: a retrospective observational study. Lancet Infect Dis, 2023;23(1):56–66.
- Barr R, Green CA, Sande CJ, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus: diagnosis, prevention and management. Ther Adv Infect Dis, 2019;6:2049936119865798.
- Buchan SA, Chung H, To T, et al. Estimating the Incidence of First RSV Hospitalization in Children Born in Ontario, Canada. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc, 2023;12(7):421–430.
- Cong B, Dighero I, Zhang T, et al. Understanding the age spectrum of respiratory syncytial virus associated hospitalisation and mortality burden based on statistical modelling methods: a systematic analysis. BMC Med, 2023;21(1):224.
- Del Riccio M, Spreeuwenberg P, Osei-Yeboah R, et al. RESCEU investigators. Defining the Burden of Disease of RSV in the European Union: estimates of RSV-associated hospitalisations in children under 5 years of age. A systematic review and modelling study. J Infect Dis, 2023; 29:jiad188.
- Duan Y, Jiang M, Huang Q, et al. Incidence, hospitalization, and mortality in children aged 5 years and younger with respiratory syncytial virus-related diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Influenza other Respir Viruses, 2023;17(5):e13145.
- ECDC. Intensified circulation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and associated hospital burden in the EU/EEA, Risk assessment, 12 Dec 2022.
- Esposito S, Abu Raya B, Baraldi E, et al. RSV Prevention in All Infants: Which Is the Most Preferable Strategy? Front Immunol, 2022;13:880368.
- Gil-Prieto R, Gonzalez-Escalada A, Marín-García P, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in children up to 5 years of age in Spain: epidemiology and comorbidities: an observational study. Medicine (Baltimore), 2015;94(21):e831.
- Hall CB, Long CE, Schnabel KC. Respiratory syncytial virus infections in previously healthy working adults. Clin Infect Dis, 2001;33(6):792–796.
- Hall CB, Weinberg GA, Iwane MK, et al. The burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children. N Engl J Med, 2009;360(6):588–598.
- Hall CB, Weinberg GA, Blumkin AK, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations among children less than 24 months of age. Pediatrics, 2013;132(2):e341–348.
- Hansen CL, Chaves SS, Demont C, et al. Mortality Associated With Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the US, 1999– 2018. JAMA Network Open, 2022;5(2):e220527.
- Hubáček P, Smíšková D. Infekce vyvolané respiračními syncytiálními viry – epidemiologie, klinický obraz, diagnostika, možnosti prevence a léčby. Ces-Slov Pediat, 2023;78(Suppl 1):S13–19.
- Chen J, Qiu X, Avadhanula V, et al. Novel and extendable genotyping system for human respiratory syncytial virus based on whole-genome sequence analysis. Influenza other Respir Viruses, 2022;16(3):492–500.
- Chuang YC, Lin KP, Wang LA, et al. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Narrative Review. Infect Drug Resist, 2023;16:661–675.
- Jain H, Schweitzer JW, Justice NA. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. 2023 Jun 20. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023. PMID: 29083623.
- Jepsen MT, Trebbien R, Emborg HD, et al. Incidence and seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisations in young children in Denmark, 2010 to 2015. Euro Surveill, 2018;23(3):pii=17– 00163.
- Johannesen CK, van Wijhe M, Tong S, et al. RESCEU Investigators. Age-Specific Estimates of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Hospitalizations in 6 European Countries: A Time Series Analysis. J Infect Dis, 2022;226(Suppl 1):S29–S37.
- Li Y, Johnson EK, Shi T, et al. National burden estimates of hospitalisations for acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2019 among 58 countries: a modelling study. Lancet Respir Med, 2021;9(2):175–185.
- Li Y, Wang X, Blau DM, et al. RESCEU investigators. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet, 2022;399(10340):2047–2064.
- Li Y, Wang X, Broberg EK, et al. European RSV Surveillance Network. Seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus and its association with meteorological factors in 13 European countries, week 40 2010 to week 39 2019. Euro Surveill,2022;27(16):2100619.
- McLaughlin JM, Khan F, Begier E, et al. Rates of Medically Attended RSV Among US Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis, 2022;9(7):ofac300.
- McLaughlin JM, Khan F, Schmitt HJ, et al. Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Hospitalization Rates among US Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Infect Dis, 2022;225(6):1100– 1111.
- MedImmune. Synagis Prescribing Information. Dostupné na www: https://synagis.com/synagis.pdf (Accessed October 2021).
- Nair H, Nokes DJ, Gessner BD, et al. Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet, 2010; 375:1545–1555.
- Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, O‘Leary M, Martin ET, et al. Burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in older and high-risk adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence from developed countries. Eur Respir Rev, 2022;31(166):220105.
- Nowalk MP, D‘Agostino H, Dauer K, et al. Estimating the burden of adult hospitalized RSV infection including special populations. Vaccine, 2022;40(31):4121–4127.
- Obando-Pacheco P, Justicia-Grande AJ, Rivero-Calle I, et al. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Seasonality: A Global Overview. J Infect Dis, 2018;217(9):1356–1364.
- PATH. Advancing Maternal Immunization. Advancing RSV Maternal Immunization: A Gap Analysis Report. July 2018. Dostupné na www:https://www.path.org/resources/ advancing-rsv-maternal-immunization-gap-analysis-report/
- Pazdiora P, Šanca O, Dušek L. Infekce RSV v ČR – analýza hospitalizací a úmrtí v letech 2017–2022. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol, 2024;73(1):21–29.
- Principi N, Autore G, Ramundo G, et al. Epidemiology of Respiratory Infections during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Viruses, 2023;15(5):1160.
- Pruccoli G, Castagno E, Raffaldi I, et al. The Importance of RSV Epidemiological Surveillance: A Multicenter Observational Study of RSV Infection during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Viruses, 2023;15(2):280.
- Prymula R, Pazdiora P, Dušek L. Infekce RSV v ČR – analýza hospitalizací v letech 2017–2021. Vakcinologie, 2023;17(1):6–14.
- Reeves RM, van Wijhe M, Lehtonen T, et al. RESCEU Investigators. A Systematic Review of European Clinical Practice Guidelines for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prophylaxis. J Infect Dis, 2022;226(Suppl 1):S110–S116.
- Rha B, Curns AT, Lively JY, et al. Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Hospitalizations Among Young Children: 2015–2016. Pediatrics, 2020;146(1):e20193611.
- Rozenbaum MH, Judy J, Tran D, et al. Low Levels of RSV Testing Among Adults Hospitalized for Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in the United States. Infect Dis Ther, 2023;12(2):677–685.
- Rząd M, Kanecki K, Lewtak K. et al. Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections among Hospitalized Children in Poland during 2010-2020: Study Based on the National Hospital Registry. J Clin Med, 2022;11(21):6451.
- Shi T, McAllister DA, O‘Brien KL, et al. RSV Global Epidemiology Network. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study. Lancet, 2017; 390(10098):946–958.
- Státní ústav pro kontrolu léčiv. Správní řízení: SUKLS22022/2016.
- Straňák Z. Doporučení České neonatologické společnosti ČLS JEP a Společnosti dětské pneumologie pro imunoprofylaxi závažných forem RSV infekce. Čes-Slov Neonat, 2023; 29(1):77–78.
- Sun M, Lai H, Na F, et al. Monoclonal Antibody for the Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Infants and Children: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open, 2023;6(2):e230023.
- Tabatabai J, Ihling CM, Rehbein RM, et al. Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalised children in Heidelberg, Southern Germany, 2014–2017. Infect Genet Evol, 2022;98:105209.
- Tabor DE, Fernandes F, Langedijk AC, et al. INFORM-RSV Study Group. Global Molecular Epidemiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus from the 2017-2018 INFORM-RSV Study. J Clin Microbiol, 2020;59(1):e01828–20.
- Teirlinck AC, Broberg EK, Stuwitz Berg A, et al. Recommendations for respiratory syncytial virus surveillance at the national level. Eur Respir J, 2021;58(3):2003766.
- ÚZIS ČR. Národní registr hospitalizovaných. Závazné pokyny. Verze NZIS 020_20140701. 26 s.
- Verwey C, Madhi SA. Review and Update of Active and Passive Immunization Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus. BioDrugs, 2023;37(3):295–309.
- Wang X, Li Y, Shi T, et al. Global Disease Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Preterm Children in 2019: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis Protocol. J Infect Dis, 2022;226(Suppl 1):S135–S141.
- Wildenbeest JG, Billard MN, Zuurbier RP, et al. RESCEU Investigators. The burden of respiratory syncytial virus in healthy term-born infants in Europe: a prospective birth cohort study. Lancet Respir Med, 2023;11(4):341–353.
Poděkování
Poděkování za technickou spolupráci patří Bc. Š. Merhoutové z Ústavu epidemiologie LF v Plzni.
Práce byla podpořena v rámci programu Cooperatio.
Do redakce došlo dne 29. 9. 2023.
Adresa pro korespondenci:
prof. MUDr. Petr Pazdiora, CSc.
Ústav epidemiologie LF v Plzni, UK
301 00 Plzeň
e-mail: pazdiora@fnplzen.cz
Labels
Hygiene and epidemiology Medical virology Clinical microbiologyArticle was published in
Epidemiology, Microbiology, Immunology
![Issue 2](https://www.prolekare.cz/media/cache/resolve/journal_issue/media/image_pdf/c1187f57ed532018385d4ec1bced3401.jpg)
2024 Issue 2
Most read in this issue
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection among infants in the first year of life (Czech Republic, 2017–2022)
- Povidone-iodine functionalized nanofibers are prophylactic and protect against dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 infection
- Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 8 and 22F causing invasive pneumococcal disease in the Czech Republic in 2014–2020: whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis
- Prevalence of the M1UK sublineage among emm1 Streptococcus pyogenes invasive strains isolated in the Czech Republic from December 2022 to May 2023