Epidemiological Characteristics of Diabetes Mellitus in Slovakia, 1992–2002

Overview

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most important public health concerns and its consequences represent a considerable social and health burden. The study analyses the occurrence of DM in Slovakia in 1992–2002.

Material and methods:
Age standardised incidence and prevalence rates of DM were calculated from the data published by the Institute of Health Information and Statistics for 1992, 1997 and 2002. Disease length and the incidence of selected complications in 1997 and 2002 were also analysed.

Results:
In 1992–2002, DM prevalence in Slovakia increased from 4261.3 to 5065.8 cases per 100,000 population and appeared to be positively associated with age, while the DM incidence rates rose from 329.6 to 423.7 cases per 100,000 population. In most patients, DM length was 5 years or less, showing an upward trend over the studied period. From 1997 to 2002, the rates of selected diabetic complications slightly increased (from 18.7 % to 20.3 % for peripheral neuropathy, from 16.8 % to 18.0 % for retinopathy, from 7.1 % to 8.0 % for nephropathy and from 1.2 % to 1.3 % for amputations).

Discussion and conclusions:
Comparing with the world data, Slovakia ranks among the countries with relatively high prevalence of DM, mainly due to the rising incidence. These results are consistent with the global upward trend in DM. However, taking into account underreporting, the actual DM prevalence in Slovakia could be considerably higher. Besides primary prevention, risk reduction measures should be focused particularly on early diagnosis and better implementation of secondary prevention.

Key words:
diabetes mellitus – diabetic complications – epidemiology.