Gases in Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors:
L. Jančo; R. Vida; M. Bartoš; K. Villémová; M. Izák
Authors‘ workplace:
II. očná klinika SZU, FNsP F. D. Roosevelta, Banská Bystrica
prednosta MUDr. Mária Molnárová, PhD.
Published in:
Čes. a slov. Oftal., 68, 2012, No. 1, p. 3-10
Category:
Comprehensive Report
Overview
Aim:
To evaluate the importance and benefits of using gases in vitreoretinal surgery.
Material and Methods:
The gases represent a wide group of substances used in eye surgery for more than 100 years. The role of intraocular gases in vitreoretinal surgery is irreplaceable. Their use is still considered to be the “gold standard”. An important step in eye surgery was the introduction of expanding gases – sulfur hexafluoride and perfluorocarbons into routine clinical practice. The most common indications for the use of intraocular gases are: retinal detachment, idiopathic macular hole, complications of vitreoretinal surgery and others.
Results and conclusions:
The introduction of intraocular gases into routine clinical practice, along with other modern surgical techniques resulted in significant improvement of postoperative outcomes in a wide range of eye diseases. Understanding the principles of intraocular gases use brings the benefits to the patient and physician as well.. Due to their physical and chemical properties they pose far the best and most appropriate variant of intraocular tamponade. Gases also bring some disadvantages, such as difficulties in detailed fundus examination, visual acuity testing, ultrasonographic examination, difficulties in application of intravitreal drugs or reduced possibility of retina laser treatment. The gases significantly change optical system properties of the eye. The use of gases in vitreoretinal surgery has significantly increased success rate of retinal detachment surgery, complicated posterior segment cases, trauma, surgery of the macula and other diseases.
Key words:
gas, vitreoretinal surgery, retina, vitreous body
Sources
1. Abecia, E., Pinilla, I., Olivan, J.M et al.: Anatomic results and complications in a long-term follow-up of pneumatic retinopexy cases. Retina. ISSN 0275-004X, 2000; 20, 2: 156–161.
2. Adriano, M.L., Ball, F.: Delayed nonexpulsive suprachoroidal hemorrhage after trabeculectomy. Ophthalmic Surg. ISSN 0022-023X, 1987; 18, 9: 661–666.
3. Ambos, E.: Luftinjektion in die Hornhaut. Eine tierexperimentelle Studie zur Hornhautplastik. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. ISSN 0023-2165, 1971; 159; 4: 505–506.
4. Barr, C.C., Lai, M.Y, Lean, J.S. et al.: Postoperative intraocular pressure abnormalities in the Silicone study. Silicone Study Report 4. Ophthalmology. ISSN 0161-6420, 1993 ; 100, 11: 1629–1635.
5. Binkhosrt, C.D., Nygaard, P., Loones, L.H.: Specular microscopy of the corneal endothelium and lens implant surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. ISSN 0002-9394, 1978; 85, 5, 597–605.
6. Boyle, R.: New pneumatic experiments about respiration. Philos Trans R Soc Lond (Biol). 1670; 5: 2035.
7. Brand, K.P.: Discussion. On the toxicity of SF6 insulating gas. IEEE Trans.Electr. Insul. ISSN 0018-9367, 1983; 18: 93.
8. Castroviejo, R.: Handling of eyes with vitreous prolapse. Am J Ophthalmol. ISSN 0002-9394, 1959; 48: 397–399.
9. Chang, Lincoff, H.A., Coleman, D.J. et al.: Perfluorocarbon gases in vitreous surgery. Ophthalmology. ISSN 0161-6420, 1985; 92, 5: 651–656.
10. Dieckert, J.P., O‘Connor, P.S., Schacklett, D.E. et al.: Air travel and intraocular gas. Ophthalmology. ISSN 0161-6420, 1986; 93, 5: 642–645.
11. Eckardt, C.: 2009. Macular hole surgery with air tamponade and OCT-based duration of prone positioning. Retina Today. ISSN, 2009; 4: 61–63.
12. Eger, E.L.2nd, Lundgren, C., Miller, L. et al.: Anesthetic potencies of sulfur hexafluoride, carbon tetrafluoride, chloroform and Ethrane in dogs: correlation with the hydrate and lipid theories of anesthetic action. Anesthesiology. ISSN 0003-3022, 1969; 30, 2: 129–135.
13. Eiferman, R.A., Wilkins, E.L.: The effect of air on human corneal endothelium. Am.J.Ophthalmol. ISSN 0002-9394, 1981; 92, 3: 328–331.
14. Escoffery, R.F., Olk, R.J., Grand, M.G. et al.: Vitrectomy without scleral buckling for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Am J Ophthalmol. ISSN 0002-9394, 1985; 99, 3: 275–281.
15. Eter, N. - Böker, T., Spitznas, M.: Long-term results of pneumatic retinopexy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. ISSN 0721-832X, 2000; 238, 8: 677–681.
16. Fineberg, E., Machemer, R., Sullivan, P. et al.: Sulfur hexafluoride in owl monkey vitreous cavity. Am J Ophthalmol. ISSN 0002-9394, 1975; 79, 1: 67–76.
17. Frenkel, R.E. - Shin, D.H.: Prevention and management of delayed suprachoroidal hemorrhage after filtration surgery. Arch.Ophthalmol. ISSN 0003-9950, 1986; 104, 10: 1459–1463.
18. Friberg, T.R., Doran, D.L., Lazenby, F.L.: The effect of vitreous and retinal surgery on corneal endothelial cell density. Ophthalmology. ISSN 0161-6420, 1984; 91, 10: 1166–1169.
19. Frumar, K.D., Gregor, Z.J., Carter, R.M. et al.: Electrophysiological responses after vitrectomy and intraocular tamponade. Trans. Ophthalmol. Soc. UK. ISSN 0078-5334, 1985; 104: 129–132.
20. Greenberg, L.A., Lester, D.: The toxicity of sulfur pentafluoride. Arch Ind Hyg Occup. ISSN 0273-1045, 1950; 2, 3: 350–352.
21. Hilton, G.F., Kelly, N.E., Salzano, T.C. et al.: Pneumatic retinopexy. A collaborative report of the first 100 cases. Ophthalmology. ISSN 0161-6420, 1987; 94, 4: 307–314.
22. Humayun, M.S., Yeo, J.H., Koski, W.S. et al.: The rate of sulfur hexafluoride escape from a plastic syringe. Arch Ophthalmol. ISSN 0003-9950, 1989; 1047, 6: 853–854.
23. IEC 60376: 1971, Specification and acceptance of new sulphur hexafluoride.
24. Kelly, N.E., Wendel, R.T.: Vitreous surgery for idiopathic macular holes. Results of a pilot study. Arch Ophthalmol. ISSN 0003-9950, 1991; 109, 5: 654–659.
25. Koster: Sitzungsberichte. Niederländische ophthalmologische Gesellschaft. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. ISSN 0023-2165, 1902; 40: 338.
26. Krásnik, V.: Chirurgická liečba idiopatickej makulárnej diery. Súborný referát. Čs Oftal. 55, 1999; 6: 377–383.
27. Krásnik, V., Strmeň, P., Hasa, J., Izáková, A., Hrachovcová, J.: Chirurgická liečba makulárnej diery a makulopatie v spojení s jamkou terča zrakového nervu. Čs Oftal. 55, 1999; 5: 263–267.
28. Krásnik, V., Strmeň, P., Javorská, L.: Dlhodobé sledovanie zrakových funkcií po anatomicky úspešnej chirurgickej liečbe idiopatickej diery makuly. Čes a Slov Oftal. 57, 2001; 2, 80–87.
29. Krásnik, V., Strmeň, P., Javorská, L.: Chirurgická liečba traumatickej diery makuly. Čes. a slov. Oftal., 58, 2002, 84–88.
30. Krásnik, V., Strmeň, P., Štefaničková, J., Ferková: Chirurgická liečba makulopatie pri jamke terča zrakového nervu. Čes a Slov Oftal. 63, 2007, 1, 10–16.
31. Kreissig, I., Lincoff, H., Stanowsky, A.: The treatment of giant tear under detachments using retrohyaloidal perfluorocarbon gases without drainage or vitrectomy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. ISSN 0721-832X, 1987; 225, 2: 94–98.
32. Landers, M.B., Yamanashi, B.S.: The treatment of retinal detachments secondary to macular holes. South Med J. ISSN 0038-4348, 1973; 137, 12: 1–4.
33. Lee, D.A. Wilson, M.R. Yoshizumi, M.O. et al.: The ocular effects of gases when injected into the anterior chamber of rabbit eyes. Arch Ophthalmol. ISSN 0003-9950, 1991; 109, 4, 571–575.
34. Lincoff, A., Kreissig, I.: Intravitreal behavior of perfluorocarbons. Dev. Ophthalmol. ISSN 0250-3751, 1981; 2: 17–23.
35. Lincoff, H., Kreissig, I.: Posterior lip traction caused by intravitreal gas. Arch. Ophthalmol. ISSN 0003-9950, 1981; 99, 8: 1367–1380.
36. Lincoff, H.: Limitations and prospects for retinal surgery. Panel discussion: chapter II. Mod Probl Ophthalmol. ISSN 0077-0078, 1974; 12: 342.
37. Lincoff, H., Coleman, J., Kreissig, I. et al.: The perfluorocarbon gases in the treatment of retinal detachment. Ophthalmology. ISSN 0161-6420, 1983; 90, 5: 546–551.
38. Machemer, R., Aarberg, T.M.: Vitrectomy. 2nd ed. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1979, 187. ISBN 0808911465.
39. McCuen N, B.W. 2nd, Bessler, M., Hickingbotham, D. et al.: Automated fluid-gas exchange. Am.J.Ophthalmol. ISSN 0002-9394, 1983; 95, 5: 717.
40. McLean, E.B. - Norton, E.W.1974. The use of intraocular air and sulfur hexafluoride gas in the repair of selected retinal detachments. Mod. Probl. Ophthalmol. ISSN 0077-0078, 1974; 12: 428-435.
41. MacMillan, J.A.: Air injection as a factor in maintaining filtration following corneoscleral trephining in glaucoma. Trans.Am.Ophthalmol.Soc. ISSN 0065-9533, 1939; 37: 127–134.
42. Meyers, M. Ambler, J.S., Tan, M. et al.: Variation of perfluoropropane dissapearance after vitrectomy. Retina. ISSN 0275-004X, 1992; 12, 4: 359–363.
43. Meyers, M., Fitzgibbon, E.J.: Simultaneous external subretinal fluid drainage and intravitreal gas injection. Arch Ophthalmol. ISSN 0003-9950, 1985; 103, 12: 1881–1883.
44. Mittra, R.A., Kim, J.E., Han, D.P. et al.: Sustained postoperative face-down positioning is unnecessary for successful macular hole surgery. Br J Ophthalmol. ISSN 0007-1161, 2009; 93, 5: 664–666.
45. Norton, E.W.: Intraocular gas in the management of selected retinal detachments. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. ISSN 0002-7154, 1973, 77, 2, OP85–98.
46. Norton, E.W.: Use of gas in retinal surgery. Management of the fishmouth phenomenon. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U.K. ISSN 0078-5334, 1980; 100, Pt 1: 66–68.
47. Norton, E.W., Aaberg, T., Fung, W. et al.: Giant retinal tears. I. Clinical management with intravitreal air. Am J Ophthalmol. ISSN 0002-9394, 1969; 68, 6: 1011–1021.
48. Norton, E.W., Fuller, D.G.: The use of intravitreal sulfur hexafluoride in vitrectomy. Irvine, A.R. et al. Advances in vitreous surgery. Springfield : Thomas, 1976. ISBN 0398033919.
49. O’Connor, P.R.: Intravitreal air injection and the Custodis procedure. Ophthalmic. Surg. ISSN 0022-023X, 1976; 7, 2: 86–89.
50. Ohm, J.: Über die Behandlung der Netzhautablosung durch operative Entleerung der subretinalen Flüssigkeit und Einspritzung von Luft in der Glaskörper. Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol. 1911; 79: 442.
51. Rosengren, B.: On the operative treatment of retinal detachment. Acta Ophthalmol. (Copenh). ISSN 1755-3768, 1947; 25, 2: 111–125.
52. Rosengren, B.: Results of the treatment detachment of the retina with diathermy and injection of air into the vitreous. Acta Ophthalmol. 1938; 16: 573.
53. Ricci, L.: Sulla introduzione di aria nella chirurgia endobulbare. Boll.Ocul. ISSN 0006-677X, 1956; 35, 9–12, 789–795.
54. Sabates, N.R., Tolentino, F.I., Arroyo, M. et al.: The complications of perfluoropropane gas use in complex retinal detachments. Retina. ISSN 0275-004X, 1996; 16, 1: 7–12.
55. SchiŅdte, N.: Intraocular pressure and panretinal photocoagulation. Arch. Ophthalmol. ISSN 0161-6420, 1988; 106, 10: 1346.
56. Schocket, S., Lakhanpal, V., Miao, X.P. et al.: Laser treatment of macular holes. Ophthalmology. ISSN 0161-6420, 1988; 95, 5: 574–582.
57. Schrader, W., Rodemann, K ., Schrader, B.: Dosierungsfehler und ihre Vermeidung bei der intraokularen SF6-Injektion zur Endotamponade bei der pneumatischen Retinopexie und nach Vitrektomie. Fortschr Ophthalmol. ISSN 0723-8045, 1991; 88, 6: 633–636.
58. Sparks, G.M.: Descemetopexy. Surgical reattachment of stripped Descemet’s membrane. Arch Ophthalmol. ISSN 0003-9950, 1967; 78, 1: 31–34.
59. Stallman, J.B., Meyers, M.: Repeated fluid-gas exchange for hypotony after vitreoretinal surgery for proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. ISSN 0002-9394, 1988; 106, 2: 147–153.
60. Stinson, T.W. 3rd, Donlon, J.V. Jr.: Interaction of intraocular air and sulfur hexafluoride with nitrous oxide: a computer simulation. Anesthesiology. ISSN 0003-3022, 1982; 56, 5: 385–388.
61. Tatham, A., Banerjee: Face-down posturing after macular hole surgery: a meta-analysis. Br J Ophthalmol. ISSN 0007-1161, 2010; 94, 5: 626–631.
62. Tornambe, P.E., Hilton, G.F.: Pneumatic retinopexy. A multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial comparing pneumatic retinopexy with scleral buckling. The Retinal Detachment Study Group. Ophthalmology. ISSN 0161-6420, 1989; 96, 6: 772-783.
63. Wong, R.F., Thompson, J.T.: Prediction of the kinetics of disappearance of sulfur hexafluoride and perfluoropropane intraocular gas bubbles. Ophthalmology. ISSN 0161-6420, 1988; 95, 5: 609–613.
64. Zaidi, A.A., Alvarado, R., Irvino, A.: Pneumatic retinopexy: success rate and complications. Br J Ophthalmol. ISSN 0007-1161, 2006; 90, 4: 427–428.
65. Zarbin, M.A., Michels, R.G., Green, W.R.: Dissection of epiciliary tissue to treat chronic hypotony after surgery for retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Retina. ISSN 0275-004X, 1991, 11, 2, 208–213.
Labels
OphthalmologyArticle was published in
Czech and Slovak Ophthalmology
2012 Issue 1
Most read in this issue
- Gases in Vitreoretinal Surgery
- Floppy Eyelid Syndrome and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
- Selected Prognostic Factors of Malignant Uveal Melanoma
- Comparative Study of Intraocular Pressure Measurements by Goldmann Applanation Tonometer, Noncontact Tonometer and TonoPen