Prevence sekundárních fraktur: multioborové konsenzuální stanovisko ke klinickým doporučením

Download PDF English version

Authors: Conley B Robert ¹; Adib Gemma ²; Robert; Adler ³; Kesson E Kristina ⁴; Alexander M Ivy ⁵; Amenta C Kelly ⁶; Blank D Robert ^7,8; Brox Timothy William ⁹; Carmody E Emily ¹⁰; Chapman-Novakofski Karen ¹¹; Clarke L Bart ¹²; Cody M Kathleen ¹³; Cooper Cyrus ¹⁴; Crandall J Carolyn ¹⁵; Dirschl R Douglas ¹⁶; Eagen J Thomas ¹⁷; Elderkin L Ann ¹⁸; Fujita Masaki ¹⁹; Greenspan L Susan ²⁰; Halbout Philippe ²¹; Hochberg C Marc ²²; Javaid Muhammad ²³; Jeray J Kyle ²⁴; Kearns E Ann ¹²; King Toby ²⁵; Koinis F Thomas ²⁶; Koontz Scott Jennifer ^27,28; Kužma Martin ²⁹; Lindsey Carleen ³⁰; Lorentzon Mattias ^31,32,33; Lyritis P George ³⁴; Michaud Boehnke Laura ³⁵; Miciano Armando ³⁶; Morin N Suzanne ³⁷; Mujahid Nadia ³⁸; Napoli Nicola ^39,40; Olenginski P Thomas ⁴¹; Puzas Edward J ¹⁰; Rizou Stavroula ³⁴; Rosen J Clifford ^42,43; Saag Kenneth ⁴⁴; Thompson Elizabeth ⁴⁵; Tosi L Laura ⁴⁶; Tracer Howard ⁴⁷; Khosla Sundeep ¹²; Kiel P Douglas ⁴⁸
Authors‘ workplace: Center for Medical Technology Policy, Baltimore, MD, USA ¹; Osteoporosis Centre, Damascus, Syria ²; McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA ³; Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Scania, Sweden ⁴; UConn School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA ⁵; Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Mercyhurst University, Erie, PA, USA ⁶; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA ⁷; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia ⁸; UCSF Fresno, Fresno, CA, USA ⁹; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA ¹⁰; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA ¹¹; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Ro-chester, MN, USA ¹²; American Bone Health, Raleigh, NC, USA ¹³; University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ¹⁴; Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA ¹⁵; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA ¹⁶; National Council on Aging, New York, NY, USA ¹⁷; American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, Washington, DC, USA ¹⁸; Science Department, International Osteoporosis Foundation, Nyon, Switzerland ¹⁹; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ²⁰; International Osteoporosis Foundation, Nyon, Switzerland ²¹; Division of Rheumatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA ²²; Nufﬁeld Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, USA ²³; Prisma Health Upstate (formerly Greenville Health System), Greenville, SC, USA ²⁴; US Bone and Joint Initiative, Rosemont, IL, USA ²⁵; Duke Primary Care Oxford, Oxford, NC, USA ²⁶; Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Newton Medical Center, Newton, KS, USA ²⁷; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KS, USA ²⁸; Bones, Backs and Balance, LLC, Bristol Physical Therapy, LLC, Bristol, CT, USA ³⁰; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia ³¹; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden ³²; Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden ³³; Hellenic Osteoporosis Foundation, Athens, Greece ³⁴; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA ³⁵; Nevada Rehabilitation Institute, Las Vegas, NV, USA ³⁶; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada ³⁷; Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA ³⁸; Department of Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy ³⁹; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA ⁴⁰; HiROC Program/Rheumatology, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA ⁴¹; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA ⁴²; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA ⁴³; Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA ⁴⁴; National Osteoporosis Foundation, Arlington, VA, USA ⁴⁵; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA ⁴⁶; Center for Evidence and Practice Improvement, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD, USA ⁴⁷; Harvard Medical School, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, MA, USA ⁴⁸; th Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia ²⁹⁵
Published in: Clinical Osteology 2020; 25(1): 7-25
Category:

Overview

Fraktury související s osteoporózou jsou v současnosti nedostatečně léčeny („podléčeny“), a to z části pro mylné informace o doporučených postupech v péči o pacienty a z části pro rozdíly v doporučeních pro léčbu. Aby se zvrátil tento nevyhovující stav a zlepšily se léčebné výsledky pacientů, sestavila Americká společnost pro výzkum kostí a kostního minerálu širokou skupinu zainteresovaných odborníků ke koncipování klinických doporučení k optimalizaci prevence sekundárních fraktur v populaci osob ve věku 65 let a starších postižených frakturami krčku kosti stehenní nebo obratlů. Tato skupina připravila 13 doporučení (7 primárních a 6 sekundárních) přesvědčivě potvrzených důkazy z odborné literatury. Skupina doporučuje rozšíření a zintenzívnění komunikace s pacienty o problematice rizika fraktur, o mortalitní i morbiditních dopadech fraktur stejně jako o možnostech snížení tohoto rizika. Podle odhadu se může riziko (včetně pádů) objevovat v pravidelných intervalech v závislosti na fyzioterapii nebo ergoterapii, což je očekávatelné. Perorálně, intravenózně i subkutánně aplikované léky jsou účinné a mohou snížit riziko fraktur. Pacienti samozřejmě potřebují edukaci o přínosech i rizicích těchto různě aplikovaných léků, stejně jako o důsledcích neléčení. Perorální bisfosfonáty alendronát a risendronát představují léčbu první volby a jsou všeobecně dobře tolerovány; možné je zvážit i intravenózně podávanou kyselinu zoledronovou nebo subkutánně podávaný denosumab. Anabolika jsou nákladná, ale mohou být pro vybrané pacienty ve vysokém riziku přínosná. Optimální délka farmakoterapie není známa, ale protože je riziko sekundárních fraktur v raném období po fraktuře velmi vysoké, doporučuje se bezodkladná léčba. Samozřejmostí by měla být adekvátní dieta, případně suplementace vitamínem D stejně tak by měl být samozřejmostí přísun kalcia. Jednotlivci léčení na osteoporózu by měli být běžně opakovaně vyšetřováni vzhledem k riziku fraktur a opakovaně informování v rámci pacientské edukace o osteoporóze a riziku fraktur a o monitorování nežádoucích účinků léčby. Pacienti by měli být důrazně přesvědčováni, aby se vyvarovali kouření a co možná nejvíce omezili konzumaci alkoholu, věnovali se pravidelně fyzické aktivitě a přijali a dodržovali strategie prevence. Závěrem doporučení upozorňuje endokrinology a ostatní odborníky na osteoporózu, aby věnovali pozornost jedincům s opakovanými frakturami anebo úbytkem kostní hmoty a také jedincům s komplikujícími komorbiditami (např. hyperparatyreoidizmus nebo chronické onemocnění ledvin).

Klíčová slova:

stárnutí – anabolika – antirezorptiva – osteoporóza – sekundární fraktura prevence

Sources

Khosla S, Shane E. A crisis in the treatment of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31(8): 1485–7.

Khosla S, Cauley JA, Compston J et al. Addressing the crisis in the treatment of osteoporosis: a path forward. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32(3): 424–30.

Weaver J, Sajjan S, Lewiecki EM, Harris ST, Marvos P. Prevalence and cost of subsequent fractures among U.S. patients with an incident fracture. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2017; 23(4): 461–71.

Eisman JA, Bogoch ER, Dell R et al. Making the ﬁrst fracture the last fracture: ASBMR task force report on secondary fracture prevention. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27(10): 2039–46.

Lems WF, Dreinhofer KE, Bischoff-Ferrari H et al. EULAR/EFORT recommendations for management of patients older than 50 years with a fragility fracture and prevention of subsequent fractures. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76(5): 802–10.

Wu CH, Tu ST, Chang YF et al. Fracture liaison services improve outcomes of patients with osteoporosis-related fractures: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Bone 2018; 111: 92–100.

Wu CH, Chen CH, Chen PH et al. Identifying characteristics of an effective fracture liaison service: systematic literature review. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29(5): 1023–47.

Wu CH, Kao IJ, Hung WC et al. Economic impact and cost effectiveness of fracture liaison services: a systematic review of the literature. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29(6): 1227–42.

Dunn P, Webb D, Olenginski TP. Geisinger high-risk osteoporosis clinic (HiROC): 2013–2015 FLS performance analysis. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29(2): 451–7.

Olenginski TP, Maloney-Saxon G, Matzko CK et al. High-risk osteoporosis clinic (HiROC): improving osteoporosis and post-fracture care with an organized, programmatic approach. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26(2): 801–10.

Greenspan SL, Singer A, Vujevich K et al. Implementing a fracture liaison service open model of care utilizing a cloud-based tool. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29(4): 953–60.

Stephenson S, National Osteoporosis Society. Establishing and implementing a fracture liaison service. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76 (Suppl 2): 30 (SPO 118).

(FLS-DB) FLSD. Fracture liaison service database: commissioner’s report 2018 [Internet]. 2018. Available at WWW: <https://www.rcplondon. ac.uk/projects/outputs/fracture-liaison-service-databasecommissioners-report-2018>.

American Orthopaedic Association. What is own the bone? [Internet]. Available at WWW: <https://www.ownthebone.org/OTB/About/What_Is_Own_the_Bone.aspx>. Accessed October 29, 2018.

National Osteoporosis Foundation. Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) Certiﬁcate Program [Internet]. Available at WWW: <https://www.cme.nof. org/Training.aspx>. Accessed March 5, 2019.

International Osteoporosis Foundation. Capture the fracture with new resources and increased outreach [Internet]. 2017. Available at WWW: <https://www.iofbonehealth.org/about-us/annual-report/capturefracture-new-resources-and-increased-outreach>. Accessed October 29, 2018.

Mace H, NHS England. A national approach to reducing fragility fractures [Internet]. 2016. Available at WWW: <https://www.england.nhs.uk/blog/henry-mace/>.

National Bone Health Alliance. Fracture prevention central. 2015. Available at WWW: <http://www.nbha.org/fpc>. Accessed October 29, 2018.

Qaseem A, Forciea MA, McLean RM, Denberg TD. Clinical guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians. Treatment of low bone density or osteoporosis to prevent fractures in men and women: a clinical practice guideline update from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2017; 166(11): 818–39.

Camacho PM, Petak SM, Binkley N et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis – 2016 – executive summary. Endocr Pract 2016; 22(9): 1111–8.

Compston J, Cooper A, Cooper C et al. UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Arch Osteoporos 2017; 12(1): 43.

Ross PD, Davis JW, Epstein RS, Wasnich RD. Pre-existing fractures and bone mass predict vertebral fracture incidence in women. Ann Intern Med 1991; 114(11): 919–23.

Kanis JA, Johnell O, De Laet C et al. A meta-analysis of previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk. Bone 2004; 35(2): 375–82.

Cauley JA, Hochberg MC, Lui LY et al. Long-term risk of incident vertebral fractures. JAMA 2007; 298(23): 2761–7.

Tajeu GS, Delzell E, Smith W et al. Death, debility, and destitution following hip fracture. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 69(3): 346–53.

Peeters CM, Visser E, Van de Ree CL, Gosens T, Den Oudsten BL, De Vries J. Quality of life after hip fracture in the elderly: a systematic literature review. Injury 2016; 47(7): 1369–82.

Kim SM, Moon YW, Lim SJ et al. Prediction of survival, second fracture, and functional recovery following the ﬁrst hip fracture surgery in elderly patients. Bone 2012; 50(6): 1343–50.

Hansson S, Rolfson O, Akesson K, Nemes S, Leonardsson O, Rogmark C. Complications and patient-reported outcome after hip fracture. A consecutive annual cohort study of 664 patients. Injury 2015; 46(11): 2206–11.

Dailiana Z, Papakostidou I, Varitimidis S, Michalitsis S, Veloni A, Malizos K. Surgical treatment of hip fractures: factors inﬂuencing mortality. Hippokratia 2013; 17(3): 252–7.

Mariconda M, Costa GG, Cerbasi S, et al. Factors predicting mobility and the change in activities of daily living after hip fracture: a 1-year prospective cohort study. J Orthop Trauma 2016; 30(2): 71–7.

BueckingB, EschbachD, KnobeM et al. Predictors of noninstitutionalized survival 1 year after hip fracture: a prospective observational study to develop the Marburg rehabilitation tool for hip fractures (MaRTHi). Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96(37): e7820.

BoudreauDM, YuO, BalasubramanianA et al. A survey of women’s awareness of and reasons for lack of post fracture osteoporotic care. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017; 65(8): 1829–35.

Raybould G, Babatunde O, Evans AL, Jordan JL, Paskins Z. Expressed information needs of patients with osteoporosis and/or fragility fractures: a systematic review. Arch Osteoporos 2018; 13(1): 55.

Adams J CE, Clunie G et al. Clinical guidance for the effective identiﬁcation of vertebral fractures [Internet]. 2017. Available at WWW: <https://theros.org.uk/media/100017/vertebral-fracture-guidelines.pdf>. Accessed September 4, 2019.

Majumdar SR, Kim N, Colman I et al. Incidental vertebral fractures discovered with chest radiography in the emergency department: prevalence, recognition, and osteoporosis management in a cohort of elderly patients. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165(8): 905–9.

Bartalena T, Rinaldi MF, Modolon C et al. Incidental vertebral compression fractures in imaging studies: lessons not learned by radiologists. World J Radiol 2010; 2(10): 399–404.

Li Y, Yan L, Cai S, Wang P, Zhuang H, Yu H. The prevalence and under-diagnosis of vertebral fractures on chest radiograph. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19(1): 235.

Mitchell RM, Jewell P, Javaid MK, McKean D, Ostlere SJ. Reporting of vertebral fragility fractures: can radiologists help reduce the number of hip fractures? Arch Osteoporos 2017; 12(1): 71.

van Geel TA, van Helden S, Geusens PP, Winkens B, Dinant GJ. Clinical subsequent fractures cluster in time after ﬁrst fractures. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 68(1): 99–102.

Ensrud KE. Epidemiology of fracture risk with advancing age. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 68(10): 1236–42.

Gillespie LD, Robertson MC, Gillespie WJ et al. Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 9: CD007146.

Youm T, Koval KJ, Kummer FJ, Zuckerman JD. Do all hip fractures result from a fall? Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 1999; 28(3): 190–4.

Morrison A, Fan T, Sen SS, Weisenﬂuh L. Epidemiology of falls and osteoporotic fractures: a systematic review. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res 2013; 5: 9–18.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention. Hip fractures among older adults [Internet]. 2016. Available at WWW: <https://www.cdc.gov/homeandrecreationalsafety/ falls/adulthipfx.html>. Accessed October 31, 2018.

Mayo Clinic. Hip fracture – symptoms and causes [Internet]. 2019. Available at WWW: <https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hipfracture/symptoms-causes/syc-20373468>. Accessed June 26, 2019.

Johns Hopkins Medicine. Hip fractures: ﬁve powerful steps to prevention [Internet]. 2019. Available at WWW: <https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/hip-fractures-ﬁve-powerfulsteps-to-prevention>. Accessed June 26, 2019.

Slear T. Prevent a hip fracture – avoid falls osteoporosis [Internet]. 2011. Available at WWW: <http://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-10–2011/prevent-hip-fracture.html>. Accessed June 26, 2019.

US Preventive Services Task Force, Grossman DC, Curry SJ et al. Interventions to prevent falls in community-dwelling older adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA 2018; 319(16): 1696–704.

Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R et al. European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30(1): 3–44.

de Vries M, Seppala LJ, Daams JG et al. Fall-risk-increasing drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis: I. cardiovascular drugs. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2018; 19(4): 371 e1–9.

Seppala LJ, Wermelink A, deVries M et al. Fall-risk-increasingdrugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis: II. Psychotropics. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2018; 19(4): 371 e11–7.

Seppala LJ, van der Velde N, Masud T et al. EuGMS task and ﬁnish group on fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs): position on knowledge dissemination, management, and future research. Drugs Aging 2019; 36(4): 299–307.

Chiba Y, Kimbara Y, Kodera R et al. Risk factors associated with falls in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29(7): 898–902.

Nyman SR, Ballinger C, Phillips JE, Newton R. Characteristics of outdoor falls among older people: a qualitative study. BMC Geriatr 2013; 13: 125.

Gazibara T, Kurtagic I, Kisic-Tepavcevic D et al. Falls, risk factors and fear of falling among persons older than 65 years of age. Psychogeriatrics 2017; 17(4): 215–23.

Stevens JA. ACDC compendium of effective fall interventions: what works for community-dwelling older adults. 3rd ed. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; 2015.

Panelon Prevention of Falls in Older Persons, AGS/BGS. Summary of the updated American Geriatrics Society/British Geriatrics Society clinical practice guideline for prevention of falls in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 59(1): 148–57.

JohnstonYA, Bergen G, Bauer M et al. Implementation of the Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries Initiative in primary care: an outcome evaluation. Gerontologist. 2018 Sep 20. Available at DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny101>.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention. Make STEADI part of your medical practice [Internet]. 2017. Available at WWW: <https://www.cdc.gov/steadi/index. html>. Accessed October 31, 2018.

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Once is enough: a guide to preventing future fractures [Internet]. 2015. Available at WWW: <https://www.bones.nih.gov/health-info/ bone/osteoporosis/fracture>. Accessed October 31, 2018.

Kerr C, Bottomley C, Shingler S et al. The importance of physical function to people with osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28(5): 1597–607.

Nevitt MC, Ross PD, Palermo L, Musliner T, Genant HK, Thompson DE. Association of prevalent vertebral fractures, bone density, and alendronate treatment with incident vertebral fractures: effect of number and spinal location of fractures. The Fracture Intervention Trial Research Group. Bone 1999; 25(5): 613–9.

Kanis JA, Harvey NC, Johansson H, Oden A, Leslie WD, McCloskey EV. FRAX and fracture prediction without bone mineral density. Climacteric 2015; 18(Suppl 2): 2–9.

Cosman F, de Beur SJ, LeBoff MS et al. Clinician’s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25(10): 2359–81.

Watts NB, Adler RA, Bilezikian JP et al. Osteoporosis in men: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97(6): 1802–22.

Khan AA, Morrison A, Kendler DL et al. Case-based review of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and application of the international recommendations for management from the International Task Force on ONJ. J Clin Densitom 2017; 20(1): 8–24.

Otto S, Pautke C, Vanden Wyngaert T, Niepe lD, Schiodt M. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: prevention, diagnosis and management in patients with cancer and bone metastases. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 69: 177–87.

Khan AA, Sandor GK, Dore E et al. Canadian consensus practice guidelines for bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaw. J Rheumatol 2008; 35(7): 1391–7.

Vannucci L, Brandi ML. Healing of the bone with anti-fracture drugs. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17(17): 2267–72.

Xue D, Li F, Chen G, Yan S, Pan Z. Do bisphosphonates affect bone healing? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Orthop Surg Res 2014; 9: 45.

Hak DJ. The biology of fracture healing in osteoporosis and in the presence of anti-osteoporotic drugs. Injury 2018; 49(8): 1461–5.

Colon-Emeric C, Nordsletten L, Olson S et al. Association between timing of zoledronic acid infusion and hip fracture healing. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22(8): 2329–36.

Body JJ, von Moos R, Niepel D, Tombal B. Hypocalcaemia in patients with prostate cancer treated with a bisphosphonate or denosumab: prevention supports treatment completion. BMC Urol 2018; 18(1): 81.

Amgen Inc. EVENITY full prescribing information [Internet]. 2019. Available at WWW: <https://www.evenityhcp.com/gclid=CjwKCAjw0tHoBRBhEiwAvP1GFeK5AYoqD210IPZFIFfRUIDT4NLsdzly1cEgjPy1BQCQTOxsBPh-hoCKsAQAvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds>. Accessed June 27, 2018.

Wang LH, Xu DJ, Wei XJ, Chang HT, Xu GH. Electrolyte disorders and aging: risk factors for delirium in patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16(1): 418.

Novartis. Highlights for prescribing information for reclast [Internet]. Available at WWW: <https://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/sites/www.pharma.us.novartis.com/ﬁles/reclast.pdf?>. Accessed December 6, 2018.

Amgen Inc. Highlights and full prescribing information for Prolia® (denosumab) [Internet]. Available at WWW: <https://www.pi.amgen.com/~/media/amgen/repositorysites/pi-amgen-com/prolia/prolia_pi.pdf>. Accessed December 6, 2018.

Gai P, Sun H, Sui L, Wang G. Hypocalcaemia after total knee arthroplasty and its clinical signiﬁcance. Anticancer Res 2016; 36(3): 1309–11.

Binkley N, Coursin D, Krueger D et al. Surgery alters parameters of vitamin D status and other laboratory results. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28(3): 1013–20.

Lepage R, Legare G, Racicot C et al. Hypocalcemia induced during major and minor abdominal surgery in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84(8): 2654–8.

Lyles KW, Colon-Emeric CS, Magaziner JS et al. Zoledronic acid and clinical fractures and mortality after hip fracture. N Engl J Med 2007; 357(18):1799–809.

Reid IR, Gamble GD, Mesenbrink P, Lakatos P, Black DM. Characterization of and risk factors for the acute-phase response after zoledronic acid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95(9): 4380–7.

Hamdy RC. Zoledronic acid: clinical utility and patient considerations in osteoporosis and low bone mass. Drug Des Devel Ther 2010; 4: 321–35.

Crotti C, Watts NB, De Santis M et al. Acute phase reactions after zoledronic acid infusion: protective role of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and previous oral bisphosphonate therapy. Endocr Pract 2018; 24(5): 405–10.

Eli Lilly and Company. FORTEO – teriparatide injection, solution [Internet]. 2002. Available at WWW: <http://uspl.lilly.com/forteo/forteo. html>. Accessed November 13, 2018.

Radius Health Inc. TYMLOS (abaloparatide) injection HCP: for postmenopausal women with a recent osteoporotic fracture: help reduce the risk of fractures [Internet]. 2018. Available at WWW: <https://www.tymloshcp.com/gclid=CjwKCAjwio3dBRAqEiwAHWsNVQBj1_9BzeEKy7X1IKQqAJFb9Xwj_592nLGdHDw_4Sx_rMemgHFmoRoCXLYQAvD_BwE>. Accessed September 20, 2018.

National Institutes of Health. Vitamin D – fact sheet for health professionals [Internet]. 2018. Available at WWW: <https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/>. Accessed September 16, 2018.

National Institutes of Health. Calcium – fact sheet for health professionals [Internet]. 2018. Available at WWW: <https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Calcium-HealthProfessional/>. Accessed November 6, 2018.

Kopecky SL, Bauer DC, Gulati M et al. Lack of evidence linking calcium with or without vitamin D supplementation to cardiovascular disease in generally healthy adults: a clinical guideline from the National Osteoporosis Foundation and the American Society for Preventive Cardiology. Ann Intern Med 2016; 165 (12): 867–8.

Singer A, Exuzides A, Spangler L et al. Burden of illness for osteoporotic fractures compared with other serious diseases among postmenopausal women in the United States. Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90(1): 53–62.

Sawka AM, Thabane L, Papaioannou A et al. Health-related quality of life measurements in elderly Canadians with osteoporosis compared to other chronic medical conditions: a population-based study from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos). Osteoporos Int 2005; 16(12): 1836–40.

Voko Z, Gaspar K, Inotai A et al. Osteoporotic fractures may impair life as much as the complications of diabetes. J Eval Clin Pract 2017; 23(6): 1375–80.

Huang CY, Liao LC, Tong KM et al. Mediating effects on health related quality of life in adults with osteoporosis: a structural equation modeling. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26(3): 875–83.

Black DM, Rosen CJ. Clinical practice. Postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 2016; 374(3): 254–62.

Lagari V, Gavcovich T, Levis S. The good and the bad about the 2017 American College of Physicians Osteoporosis Guidelines. Clin Ther 2018; 40(1): 168–76.

International Society for Clinical Densitometry. 2019 ISCD ofﬁcial positions – adult – International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) [Internet]. 2019. Available at WWW: <https://www.iscd.org/ofﬁcialpositions/2015-iscd-ofﬁcial-positions-adult/>. Accessed November 13, 2018.

Mirza F, Canalis E. Management of endocrine disease: secondary osteoporosis: pathophysiology and management. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 173(3): R131–51.

Skjodt MK, Ostadahmadli Y, Abrahamsen B. Longterm time trend sinuse of medications associated with risk of developing osteoporosis: nationwide data for Denmark from 1999 to 2016. Bone 2019; 120: 94–100.

International Osteoporosis Foundation. Secondary osteoporosis [Internet]. 2017. Available at WWW: <https://www.iofbonehealth.org/secondary-osteoporosis>. Accessed September 16, 2018.

Fink HA, Litwack-Harrison S, Taylor BC et al. Clinical utility of routine laboratory testing to identify possible secondary causes in older men with osteoporosis: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27(1): 331–8.

Ryan CS, Petkov VI, Adler RA. Osteoporosis in men: the value of laboratory testing. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22(6): 1845–53.

Tannenbaum C, Clark J, Schwartzman K et al. Yield of laboratory testing to identify secondary contributors to osteoporosis in otherwise healthy women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87(10): 4431–7.

Division of Population Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC – fact sheets – alcohol use and your health [Internet]. 2018. Available at WWW: <https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/ alcohol-use.htm>. Accessed November 28, 2018.

Armstrong JJ, Rodrigues IB, Wasiuta T, MacDermid JC. Quality assessment of osteoporosis clinical practice guidelines for physical activity and safe movement: an AGREE II appraisal. Arch Osteoporos 2016; 11: 6.

Howe TE, Shea B, Dawson LJ et al. Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 7: CD000333.

Giangregorio LM, Macintyre NJ, Thabane L, Skidmore CJ, Papaioannou A. Exercise for improving outcomes after osteoporotic vertebral fracture. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 1: CD008618.

Gomez-Cabello A, Ara I, Gonzalez-Aguero A, Casajus JA, Vicente Rodriguez G. Effects of training on bone mass in older adults: a systematic review. Sports Med 2012; 42(4): 301–25.

Zehnacker CH, Bemis-Dougherty A. Effect of weighted exercises on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. A systematic review. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2007; 30(2): 79–88.

Bolam KA, van Uffelen JG, Taaffe DR. The effect of physical exercise on bone density in middle-aged and older men: a systematic review. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24(11): 2749–62.

Tu KN, Lie JD, Wan CKV, et al. Osteoporosis: a review of treatment options. P T 2018; 43(2): 92–104.

Lee SY, Jung SH, Lee SU, Ha YC, Lim JY. Can bisphosphonates prevent recurrent fragility fractures? A systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2018; 19(5): 384–90 e1.

Wells GA, Cranney A, Peterson J et al. Alendronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; 1: CD001155.

Wells G, Cranney A, Peterson J et al. Risedronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; 1:CD004523.

Al-Ashqar M, Panteli M, Chakrabarty G, Giannoudis PV. Atypical fractures: an issue of concern or a myth? Injury 2018; 49(3): 649–55.

Shane E, Burr D, Abrahamsen B et al. Atypical subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femoral fractures: second report of a task force of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29(1): 1–23.

Black DM, Abrahamsen B, Bouxsein ML, Einhorn T, Napoli N. Atypical femur fractures: review of epidemiology, relationship to bisphosphonates, prevention, and clinical management. Endocr Rev 2019; 40(2): 333–68.

Starr J, Tay YKD, Shane E. Current understanding of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of atypical femur fractures. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2018; 16(4): 519–29.

Khow KS, Yong TY. Atypical femoral fracture in a patient treated with denosumab. J Bone Miner Metab 2015; 33(3): 355–8.

Ramchand SK, Chiang CY, Zebaze RM, Seeman E. Recurrence of bilateral atypical femoral fractures associated with the sequential use of teriparatide and denosumab: a case report. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27(2): 821–5.

Selga J, Nunez JH, Minguell J, Lalanza M, Garrido M. Simultaneous bilateral atypical femoral fracture in a patient receiving denosumab: case report and literature review. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27(2): 827–32.

Papapoulos S, Lippuner K, Roux C et al. The effect of 8 or 5 years of denosumab treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: results from the FREEDOM extension study. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26(12): 2773–83.

Dell RM, Adams AL, Greene DF et al. Incidence of atypical nontraumatic diaphyseal fractures of the femur. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27(12): 2544–50.

Adler RA, El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Bauer DC et al. Managing osteoporosis in patients on long-term bisphosphonal tetreatment: report of a task force of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31(1): 16–35.

Kharwadkar N, Mayne B, Lawrence JE, Khanduja V. Bisphosphonates and atypical subtrochanteric fractures of the femur. Bone Joint Res 2017; 6(3): 144–53.

Taormina DP, Marcano AI, Karia R, Egol KA, Tejwani NC. Symptomatic atypical femoral fractures ar erelated to under lying hip geometry. Bone 2014; 63: 1–6.

KhowK S, Shibu P, YuS C, Chehade MJ, Visvanathan R. Epidemiology and postoperative outcomes of atypical femoral fractures in older adults: a systematic review. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21(1): 83–91.

Black DM, Li BH, Ryan DS, Dell RM, Adams AL. Bisphosphonate use and risk of AFF varies by pre-treatment BMD level: results from the Southern California Osteoporosis Cohort Study (SOCS). 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Annual Meeting; September 28–October 1, 2018; Montreal, Canada.

Koh JH, Myong JP, Yoo J et al. Predisposing factors associated with atypical femur fracture among postmenopausal Korean women receiving bisphosphonate therapy: 8 years’ experience in a single center. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28(11): 3251–9.

Nguyen HH, van de Laarschot DM, Verkerk A, Milat F, Zillikens MC, Ebeling PR. Genetic risk factors for atypical femoral fractures (AFFs): a systematic review. JBMR Plus 2018; 2(1): 1–11.

van de Laarschot DM, Smits AA, Buitendijk SK, Stegenga MT, Zillikens MC. Screening for atypical femur fractures using extended femur scans by DXA. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32(8): 1632–9.

Kim S, Yang KH, Lim H, et al. Detection of prefracture hip lesions in atypical subtrochanteric fracture with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry images. Radiology 2014; 270(2): 487–95.

Marx RE. Pamidronate (Aredia) and zoledronate (Zometa) induced a vascular necrosis of the jaws: a growing epidemic. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003; 61(9): 1115–7.

Center for Scientiﬁc Information, ADA. Osteoporosis medications and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw [Internet]. 2018. Available at WWW: <https://www.ada.org/en/member-center/oral-healthtopics/osteoporosis-medications>. Accessed November 7, 2018.

Aljohani S, Gaudin R, Weiser J et al. Osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients treated with denosumab: a multicenter case series. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46(9): 1515–25.

Abed HH, Al-Sahaﬁ EN. The role of dental care providers in the management of patients prescribed bisphosphonates: brief clinical guidance. Gen Dent 2018; 66(3): 18–24.

Voss PJ, Steybe D, Poxleitner P, et al. Osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients transitioning from bisphosphonates to denosumab treatment for osteoporosis. Odontology 2018; 106(4): 469–80.

Lee SH, Chan RC, Chang SS et al. Use of bisphosphonates and the risk of osteonecrosis among cancer patients: a systemic review and meta-analysis of the observational studies. Support Care Cancer 2014; 22(2): 553–60.

Ruggiero SL, Dodson TB, Fantasia J, et al. American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons position paper on medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw – 2014 update. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 72(10): 1938–56.

Chiu WY, Yang WS, Chien JY, Lee JJ, Tsai KS. The inﬂuence of alendronate and tooth extraction on the incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw among osteoporotic subjects. PLoS One 2018; 13(4): e0196419.

Aparecida Cariolatto F, Carelli J, de Campos MT, Pietrobon R, Rodrigues C, Bonilauri Ferreira AP. Recommendations for the prevention of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a systematic review. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2018; 18(2): 142–52.

Diniz-Freitas M, Limeres J. Prevention of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws secondary to tooth extractions. A systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2016; 21(2): e250–9.

Shudo A, Kishimoto H, Takaoka K, Noguchi K. Long-term oral bisphosphonates delay healing after tooth extraction: a single institutional prospective study. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29(10): 2315–21.

Dell R, Greene D. A proposal for an atypical femur fracture treatment and prevention clinical practice guideline. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29 (6): 1277–83.

Black DM, Delmas PD, Eastell R et al. Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Eng J Med 2007; 356(18): 1809–22.

Nakamura T, Fukunaga M, Nakano T et al. Efﬁcacy and safety of once-yearly zoledronicacid in Japanese patients with primary osteoporosis: two-year results from a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study (ZOledroNate treatment in efﬁcacy to osteoporosis; ZONE study). Osteoporos Int 2017; 28(1): 389–98.

Okimoto NSA, Matsumoto H et al. Design of a multicenter, randomized, open label, parallel group study to evaluate the efﬁcacy of loxoprofen on acute-phase reactions in Japanese primary osteoporosis patients treated with zoledronic acid. J Clin Trials 2017; 7(6): 1000336.

Hanley DA, Adachi JD, Bell A, Brown V. Denosumab: mechanism of action and clinical outcomes. Int J Clin Pract 2012; 66(12): 1139–46.

Cummings SR, SanMartin J, McClung MR et al. Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 2009; 361(8): 756–65.

Nitta K, Yajima A, Tsuchiya K. Management of osteoporosis in chronic kidney disease. Intern Med 2017; 56(24): 3271–6.

Wilson LM, Rebholz CM, Jirru E et al. Beneﬁts and harms of osteoporosis medications in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2017; 166(9): 649–58.

Cummings SR, Ferrari S, Eastell R et al. Vertebral fractures after discontinuation of denosumab: a post hoc analysis of the randomized placebo-controlled FREEDOM trial and its extension. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33(2): 190–8.

Haas AV, LeBoff MS. Osteoanabolic agents for osteoporosis. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2(8): 922–32.

KanisJ A, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY. Review of the guideline of the American College of Physicians on the treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29(7): 1505–10.

FDA Ofﬁce of New Drugs, FDA Ofﬁce of Surveillance and Epidemiology, FDA Ofﬁce of Clinical Pharmacology. FDA brieﬁng document: meeting of the Bone, Reproductive and Urologic Drugs Advisory Committee. 2019. Available at WWW: <https://www.fda.gov/media/ 121257/download>. Accessed June 27, 2019.

Diez-Perez A, Marin F, Eriksen EF, Kendler DL, Krege JH, Delgado Rodriguez M. Effects of teriparatide on hip and upper limb fractures in patients with osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bone 2019; 120: 1–8.

Ott SM. Long-term bisphosphonates: primum non nocere. Menopause 2016; 23(11): 1159–61.

Fink HA, MacDonald R, Forte ML et al. Long-term drug therapy and drug discontinuations and holidays for osteoporosis fracture prevention: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 2019; 171(1): 37–50.

Adams AL, Ryan DS, Geiger EJ, Dell RM, Black DM. Do drug holidays reduce atypical femur fracture risk? Results from the Southern California Cohort Study (SOCS). 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Annual Meeting; 2018; Montreal, Canada.

Mignot MA, Taisne N, Legroux I, Cortet B, PaccouJ. Bisphosphonate drug holidays in postmenopausal osteoporosis: effect on clinical fracture risk. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28(12): 3431–8.

Curtis JR, Li Z et al. The impact of the duration of bisphosphonate drug holidays on hip fracture rates. 2017 ACR/ARHP Annual Meeting; 2018; San Diego, CA, USA.

Adams AL, Adams JL, Raebel MA et al. Bisphosphonate drug holiday and fracture risk: a population-based cohort study. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33(7): 1252–9.

Eli Lilly and Company. FORTEO – osteoporosis injection – HCP [Internet]. 2018. Available at WWW: <https://www.forteo.com/hcp>. Accessed September 20, 2018.

Labels

Clinical biochemistry Paediatric gynaecology Paediatric radiology Paediatric rheumatology Endocrinology Gynaecology and obstetrics Internal medicine Orthopaedics General practitioner for adults Radiodiagnostics Rehabilitation Rheumatology Traumatology Osteology

Prevencia sekundárnych fraktúr: multiodborové konsenzuálne stanovisko ku klinickým odporúčaním – komentár k pretlači

Vplyv mentálnej anorexie na kostný metabolizmus

Včasní nonrespondéri pri liečbe teriparatidom: retrospektívna analýza

Netypické případy sekundární hyperparatyreózy při onemocnění a selhání ledvin: kazuistiky

Manažment osteoporózy a porúch metabolizmu vápnika v čase pandémie ochorenia COVID-19

Doporučení pro pacienty s osteoporózou v době pandemie COVID-19

Article was published in

Clinical Osteology

2020 Issue 1