#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Castleman Disease


Authors: P. Szturz 1;  M. Moulis 2;  Z. Adam 1;  R. Šlaisová 3;  R. Koukalová 4;  Z. Řehák 4;  P. Volfová 1;  R. Hájek 1;  J. Mayer 1
Authors‘ workplace: Interní hematoonkologická klinika, LF MU a FN Brno 1;  Ústav patologie, LF MU a FN Brno 2;  Radiologická klinika, LF MU a FN Brno 3;  Oddělení nukleární medicíny, PET centrum Masarykova onkologického ústavu, Brno 4
Published in: Klin Onkol 2011; 24(6): 424-434
Category: Reviews

Overview

Backgrounds:
Castleman disease is a rare non-clonal lymphoproliferative disorder with the etiopathogenesis not yet thoroughly clarified. Clinically, either unicentric (localized) or multicentric (generalized) forms are recognized while, histopathologically, hyaline-vascular, plasma-cell and mixed variants of the disease exist. These types vary one from another in their clinical courses and, importantly, in methods of therapeutic management. While the unicentric hyaline-vascular form usually manifests as benign growth of a single lymph node and treatment response to complete surgical excision reaches up to 100%, the multicentric plasmocellular variant is an aggressive disease with generalized symptoms, laboratory abnormalities and the need for systemic therapy.

Aim:
The paper provides an overview of information on Castleman disease from its clinical and histopathological signs to diagnostic and therapeutic options. It deals with the role of cytokines and HHV-8 virus infection in the disease pathophysiology and is supplied with ample pictorial documentation of radiographic findings including ultrasonography, computed tomography and hybrid imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) in combination with simultaneously taken full-body computed tomo­graphy (CT) scans, the so called PET/CT. We also present photographs of histological specimens taken from an HIV and HHV-8 negative patient with the plasmocellular multicentric form.

Conclusions:
Consequent to its low incidence, Castleman disease is often misdiagnosed or diagnosed with a delay. Therefore, it is always necessary to include this rare condition in differential diagnostics of lymphadenopathy, microcytic anemia as well as B-symptoms (night sweats, fevers and weight loss). In conclusion, we also stress the significance of full-body PET/CT scanning during staging and treatment response evaluation.

Key words:
Castleman disease – lymphadenopathy – tocilizumab – interleukin – HHV-8 – ultrasonography – computed tomography – PET scan

This publication was prepared as part of the Internal Grant Agency of the Czech Republic grants NT 12215-4, the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the CR grants MSM0021622434, LC06027 and the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic’s Internal Grant Agency grants IGA MZd NT11154, NT12130, NT12215 and NS10408.

The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study.

The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers.

Submitted:
4. 5. 2011

Accepted:
27. 5. 2011


Sources

1. Castleman B, Iverson L, Menendez VP. Localized mediastinal lymphnode hyperplasia resembling thymoma. Cancer 1956; 9(4): 822–830.

2. Cronin DM, Warnke RA. Castleman disease: an update on classification and the spectrum of associated lesions. Adv Anat Pathol 2009; 16(4): 236–246.

3. Vinzio S, Ciarloni L, Schlienger JL et al. Isolated microcytic anemia disclosing a unicentric Castleman disease: The interleukin-6/hepcidin pathway? Eur J Intern Med 2008; 19(5): 367–369.

4. Wang SH, Ruan Z, Huang HL et al. A rare case of Castleman disease presenting as pulmonary mass mimicking central pulmonary malignancy. Chin Med J (Engl) 2009; 122(8): 990–991.

5. Chen CH, Liu HC, Hung TT et al. Possible roles of Epstein-Barr virus in Castleman disease. J Cardiothorac Surg 2009; 4: 31.

6. Matsuyama M, Suzuki T, Tsuboi H et al. Anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody (tocilizumab) treatment of multicentric Castleman‘s disease. Intern Med 2007; 46(11): 771–774.

7. Danon AD, Krishnan J, Frizzera G. Morpho-immunophenotypic diversity of Castleman‘s disease, hyaline-vascular type: with emphasis on a stroma-rich variant and a new pathogenetic hypothesis. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 1993; 423(5): 369–382.

8. Frizzera G. Castleman‘s disease and related disorders. Semin Diagn Pathol 1988; 5(4): 346–364.

9. Moore DF, Preti A, Tran SM. Prognostic implications following an indeterminate diagnostic work-up of lymphoma. Blood 1996; 88 (Suppl 1): 229a.

10. Morita-Hoshi Y, Tohda S, Miura O et al. An autopsy case of multicentric Castleman‘s disease associated with interstitial nephritis and secondary AA amyloidosis. Int J Hematol 2008; 87(1): 69–74.

11. Klener P et al. Cytokiny ve vnitřním lékařství. Praha: Grada Publishing 1997.

12. van Rhee F, Stone K, Szmania S et al. Castleman disease in the 21st century: an update on diagnosis, assessment, and therapy. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2010; 8(7): 486–498.

13. Ye B, Gao SG, Li W et al. A retrospective study of unicentric and multicentric Castleman‘s disease: a report of 52 patients. Med Oncol 2010; 27(4): 1171–1178.

14. Bowne WB, Lewis JJ, Filippa DA et al. The management of unicentric and multicentric Castleman‘s disease: a report of 16 cases and a review of the literature. Cancer 1999; 85(3): 706–717.

15. Gaba AR, Stein RS, Sweet DL et al. Multicentric giant lymph node hyperplasia. Am J Clin Pathol 1978; 69(1): 86–90.

16. Keller AR, Hochholzer L, Castleman B. Hyaline-vascular and plasma-cell types of giant lymph node hyperplasia of the mediastinum and other locations. Cancer 1972; 29(3): 670–683.

17. Ko SF, Wan YL, Ng SH et al. Imaging features of atypical thoracic Castleman disease. Clin Imaging 2004; 28(4): 280–285.

18. Gangopadhyay K, Mahasin ZZ, Kfoury H. Pathologic quiz case 2. Castleman disease (giant lymph node hyperplasia). Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997; 123(10): 1137, 1139.

19. Johkoh T, Müller NL, Ichikado K et al. Intrathoracic multicentric Castleman disease: CT findings in 12 patients. Radiology 1998; 209(2): 477–481.

20. Herrada J, Cabanillas F, Rice L et al. The clinical behavior of localized and multicentric Castleman disease. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128(8): 657–662.

21. Casper C. The aetiology and management of Castleman disease at 50 years: translating pathophysiology to patient care. Br J Haematol 2005; 129(1): 3–17.

22. Frizzera G, Peterson BA, Bayrd ED et al. A systemic lymphoproliferative disorder with morphologic features of Castleman‘s disease: clinical findings and clinicopathologic correlations in 15 patients. J Clin Oncol 1985; 3(9): 1202–1216.

23. Nishimoto N, Kanakura Y, Aozasa K et al. Humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody treatment of multicentric Castleman disease. Blood 2005; 106(8): 2627–2632.

24. Peterson BA, Frizzera G. Multicentric Castleman‘s disease. Semin Oncol 1993; 20(6): 636–647.

25. McCarty MJ, Vukelja SJ, Banks PM et al. Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman‘s disease). Cancer Treat Rev 1995; 21(4): 291–310.

26. Menke DM, Camoriano JK, Banks PM. Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia: a comparison of unicentric, multicentric, hyaline vascular, and plasma cell types of disease by morphometric and clinical analysis. Mod Pathol 1992; 5(5): 525–530.

27. Flendrig JA, Schillings PM. Benign giant lymphoma: the clinical signs and symptoms. Folia Medica Neerlandica 1969; 12: 119–120.

28. Martin JM, Bell B, Ruether BA. Giant lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman‘s disease) of hyaline vascular type. Clinical heterogeneity with immunohistologic uniformity. Am J Clin Pathol 1985; 84(4): 439–446.

29. Choi JH, Jo YJ, Gong SJ et al. Unicentric castleman disease is not clearly distinguished from multicentric type: a case report. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma 2008; 8(4): 256–259.

30. Ioachim HL, Medeiros LJ. Ioachim‘s lymph node pathology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2008.

31. Feigert JM, Sweet DL, Coleman M et al. Multicentric angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia with peripheral neuropathy, pseudotumor cerebri, IgA dysproteinemia, and thrombocytosis in women. A distinct syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1990; 113(5): 362–367.

32. Bitter MA, Komaiko W, Franklin WA. Giant lymph node hyperplasia with osteoblastic bone lesions and the POEMS (Takatsuki’s) syndrome. Cancer 1985; 56(1): 188–194.

33. Mandler RN, Kerrigan DP, Smart J et al. Castleman’s disease in POEMS syndrome with elevated interleukin-6. Cancer 1992; 69(11): 2697–2703.

34. Bélec L, Mohamed AS, Authier FJ et al. Human herpesvirus 8 infection in patients with POEMS syndrome-associated multicentric Castleman’s disease. Blood 1999; 93(11): 3643–3653.

35. Dispenzieri A, Kyle RA, Lacy MQ et al. POEMS syndrome: definitions and long-term outcome. Blood 2003; 101(7): 2496–2506.

36. Seco JL, Velasco F, Manuel JS et al. Retroperitoneal Castleman’s disease. Surgery 1992; 112(5): 850–855.

37. Leger-Ravet MB, Peuchmaur M, Devergne O et al. Interleukin-6 gene expression in Castleman’s disease. Blood 1991; 78(11): 2923–2930.

38. Brandt SJ, Bodine DM, Dunbar CE et al. Dysregulated interleukin 6 expression produces a syndrome resembling Castleman’s disease in mice. J Clin Invest 1990; 86(2): 592–599.

39. Yoshizaki K, Matsuda T, Nishimoto N et al. Pathogenic significance of interleukin-6 (IL-6/BSF-2) in Castleman’s disease. Blood 1989; 74(4): 1360–1367.

40. Beck JT, Hsu SM, Wijdenes J et al. Brief report: alleviation of systemic manifestations of Castleman’s disease by monoclonal anti-interleukin-6 antibody. N Engl J Med 1994; 330(9): 602–605.

41. Hsu SM, Waldron JA, Xie SS et al. Expression of interleukin-6 in Castleman’s disease. Hum Pathol 1993; 24(8): 833–839.

42. Yabuhara A, Yanagisawa M, Murata T et al. Giant lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman’s disease) with spontaneous production of high levels of B-cell differentiation factor activity. Cancer 1989; 63(2): 260–265.

43. McClain KL, Natkunam Y, Swerdlow SH. Atypical cellular disorders. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2004: 283–296.

44. Castleman B, Towne VW. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital; weekly clinicopathological exercises; founded by Richard C. Cabot. N Engl J Med 1954; 251(10): 396–400.

45. Chronowski GM, Ha CS, Wilder RB et al. Treatment of unicentric and multicentric Castleman disease and the role of radiotherapy. Cancer 2001; 92(3): 670–676.

46. Argilés JM, López-Soriano FJ. The role of cytokines in cancer cachexia. Med Res Rev 1999; 19(3): 223–248.

47. Nemeth E, Valore EV, Territo M et al. Hepcidin, a putative mediator of anemia of inflammation, is a type II acute-phase protein. Blood 2003; 101(7): 2461–2463.

48. Nemeth E, Rivera S, Gabayan V et al. IL-6 mediates hypoferremia of inflammation by inducing the synthesis of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. J Clin Invest 2004; 113(9): 1271–1276.

49. Ganz T. Hepcidin - a regulator of intestinal iron absorption and iron recycling by macrophages. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2005; 18(2): 171–182.

50. Kawabata H, Tomosugi N, Kanda J et al. Anti-interleukin 6 receptor antibody tocilizumab reduces the level of serum hepcidin in patients with multicentric Castleman’s disease. Haematologica 2007; 92(6): 857–858.

51. Roca B. Castleman’s Disease. A Review. AIDS Rev 2009; 11(1): 3–7.

52. Wang H, Wieczorek RL, Zenilman ME et al. Castleman’s disease in the head of the pancreas: report of a rare clinical entity and current perspective on diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. World J Surg Oncol 2007; 5: 133.

53. Collins LS, Fowler A, Tong CY et al. Multicentric Castleman’s disease in HIV infection. Int J STD AIDS 2006; 17(1): 19–24, quiz 25.

54. Kojima M, Nakamura S, Miyawaki S et al. Progressive transformation of germinal center presenting with histological features of hyaline-vascular type of Castleman’s disease. APMIS 2005; 113(4): 288–295.

55. Nishimoto N. Clinical studies in patients with Castleman’s disease, Crohn’s disease, and rheumatoid arthritis in Japan. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2005; 28(3): 221–230.

56. van Kooten C, Rensink I, Aarden L et al. Effect of IL-4 and IL-6 on the proliferation and differentiation of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Leukemia 1993; 7(4): 618–624.

57. Moore PS, Boshoff C, Weiss RA et al. Molecular mimicry of human cytokine and cytokine response pathway genes by KSHV. Science 1996; 274(5293): 1739–1744.

58. Veldhuis GJ, van der Leest AH, de Wolf JT et al. A case of localized Castleman’s disease with systemic involvement: treatment and pathogenetic aspects. Ann Hematol 1996; 73(1): 47–50.

59. Aoki Y, Jaffe ES, Chang Y et al. Angiogenesis and hematopoiesis induced by Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded interleukin-6. Blood 1999; 93(12): 4034–4043.

60. Waterston A, Bower M. Fifty years of multicentric Castleman’s disease. Acta Oncol 2004; 43(8): 698–704.

61. Chvojka J. Angiografický obraz retroperitoneální formy castlemanovy choroby. Česk Radiol 1984; 38(1): 55–60.

62. Stansby G, Hilson A, Hamilton G. Gallium scintigraphy in the diagnosis and management of multifocal Castleman’s disease. Br J Radiol 1991; 64(758): 165–167.

63. Okamoto I, Iyonaga K, Fujii K et al. Absence of gallium uptake in unicentric and multicentric Castleman’s disease. Intern Med 2003; 42(8): 735–739.

64. Podzamczer D, Ricart I, Bolao F et al. Gallium-67 scan for distinguishing follicular hyperplasia from other AIDS-associated diseases in lymph nodes. AIDS 1990; 4(7): 683–685.

65. Halac M, Ergul N, Sager S et al. PET/CT findings in a multicentric form of Castleman’s disease. Hell J Nucl Med 2007; 10(3): 172–174.

66. Murphy SP, Nathan MA, Karwal MW. FDG-PET appearance of pelvic Castleman’s disease. J Nucl Med 1997; 38(8): 1211–1212.

67. Leskinen-Kallio S, Ruotsalainen U, Någren K et al. Uptake of carbon-11-methionine and fluorodeoxyglucose in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a PET study. J Nucl Med 1991; 32(6): 1211–1218.

68. Nishimoto N, Sasai M, Shima Y et al. Improvement in Castleman’s disease by humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody therapy. Blood 2000; 95(1): 56–61.

69. Corbellino M, Bestetti G, Scalamogna C et al. Long-term remission of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-related multicentric Castleman disease with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy. Blood 2001; 98(12): 3473–3475.

70. Ocio EM, Sanchez-Guijo FM, Diez-Campelo M et al. Efficacy of rituximab in an aggressive form of multicentric Castleman disease associated with immune phenomena. Am J Hematol 2005; 78(4): 302–305.

71. Pavlidis NA, Skopouli FN, Bai MC et al. A successfully treated case of multicentric angiofollicular hyperplasia with oral chemotherapy (Castleman’s disease). Med Pe­diatr Oncol 1990; 18(4): 333–335.

72. Dispenzieri A, Gertz MA. Treatment of Castleman’s disease. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2005; 6(3): 255–266.

73. Mohanna S, Sanchez J, Ferrufino JC et al. Characteristics of Castleman’s disease in Peru. Eur J Intern Med 2006; 17(3): 170–174.

74. Larroche C, Cacoub P, Godeau P. Castleman’s disease. Rev Med Interne 1996; 17(12): 1003–1013.

75. Ebisuno S, Yamauchi T, Fukatani T et al. Retroperitoneal Castleman’s disease: a case report and brief review of tumors of the pararenal area. Urol Int 1989; 44(3): 169–172.

76. Takihara H, Yamakawa G, Baba Y et al. Castleman disease. Unusual retroperitoneal location indistinguishable from malignant tumor in preoperative angiographic appearance. Urology 1993; 41(2): 162–164.

77. Kiguchi H, Ishii T, Ishikawa Y et al. Castleman’s disease of the abdomen and pelvis: report of three cases and a review of the literature. J Gastroenterol 1995; 30(5): 661–666.

78. Bartkowski DP, Ferrigni RG. Castleman’s disease: an unusual retroperitoneal mass. J Urol 1988; 139(1): 118–120.

79. Skolnik G, Wiklund LM, Risberg B. Castleman’s tumor with retroperitoneal location: a malignant-appearing benign tumor. J Surg Oncol 1985; 28(2): 153–155.

80. d’Agay MF, Miclea JM, Clauvel JP et al. Castleman’s disease: a well defined histological pattern for a widely divergent clinical spectrum. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 1989; 31(2): 145–148.

81. Nordstrom DG, Tewfik HH, Latourette HB. Giant lymph node hyperplasia: a review of literature and report of two cases of plasma cell variant responding to radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1978; 4(11–12): 1045–1048.

82. Adam Z, Krejčí M, Vorlíček J. Hematologie: přehled maligních hematologických nemocí. Praha: Grada Publishing 2008.

83. Weisenburger DD, Nathwani BN, Winberg CD et al. Multicentric angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia: a clinicopathologic study of 16 cases. Hum Pathol 1985; 16(2): 162–172.

84. Summerfield GP, Taylor W, Bellingham AJ et al. Hyaline-vascular variant of angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia with systemic manifestations and response to corticosteroids. J Clin Pathol 1983; 36(9): 1005–1011.

85. Bertero MT, De Maestri M, Caligaris-Cappio F. Cyclophosphamide/cyclosporin-A treatment of multicentric Castleman’s disease with Kaposi’s sarcoma. Haematologica 2000; 85(2): 216–217.

86. Adam Z, Vorlíček J. Biologie, farmakologie a přehled léčebného užití interferonů. Klin Onkol 1996; 9(4): 115–120.

87. Kumari P, Schechter GP, Saini N et al. Successful treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-related Castleman’s disease with interferon-alpha. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 31(2): 602–604.

88. Nord JA, Karter D. Low dose interferon-alpha therapy for HIV-associated multicentric Castleman’s disease. Int J STD AIDS 2003; 14(1): 61–62.

89. Rieu P, Droz D, Gessain A et al. Retinoic acid for treatment of multicentric Castleman’s disease. Lancet 1999; 354(9186): 1262–1263.

90. Fishman SJ, Feins NR, D’Amato RJ et al. Long-term remission of Crohn’s disease treated with thalidomide: a seminal case report. Angiogenesis 1999; 3(3): 201–204.

91. Špička I, Hájek R, Gregora E et al. První zkušenosti s léčbou mnohočetného myelomu v České republice. Klin Onkol 2002; 15 (Suppl): 42–43.

92. Jung CP, Emmerich B, Goebel FD et al. Successful treatment of a patient with HIV-associated multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) with thalidomide. Am J Hematol 2004; 75(3): 176–177.

93. Lee FC, Merchant SH. Alleviation of systemic manifestations of multicentric Castleman’s disease by thalidomide. Am J Hematol 2003; 73(1): 48–53.

94. Starkey CR, Joste NE, Lee FC. Near-total resolution of multicentric Castleman disease by prolonged treatment with thalidomide. Am J Hematol 2006; 81(4): 303–304.

95. Stary G, Kohrgruber N, Herneth AM et al. Complete regression of HIV-associated multicentric Castleman disease treated with rituximab and thalidomide. AIDS 2008; 22(10): 1232–1234.

96. Kim SY, Lee SA, Ryoo HM et al. Thalidomide for POEMS syndrome. Ann Hematol 2006; 85(8): 545–546.

97. Menegato MA, Canelles MF, Tonutti E et al. Remission of nephrotic syndrome after thalidomide therapy in a patient with Castleman’s disease. Clin Nephrol 2004; 61(5): 352–356.

98. Miltenyi Z, Toth J, Gonda A et al. Successful immunomodulatory therapy in castleman disease with paraneoplastic pemphigus vulgaris. Pathol Oncol Res 2009; 15(3): 375–381.

99. Sato K, Tsuchiya M, Saldanha J et al. Reshaping a human antibody to inhibit the interleukin 6-dependent tumor cell growth. Cancer Res 1993; 53(4): 851–856.

100. Actemra Intravenous Infusion 200 Safety Information Tabulation Results from Approval to June 30, 2006.

101. Hall PA, Donaghy M, Cotter FE et al. An immunohistological and genotypic study of the plasma cell form of Castleman’s disease. Histopathology 1989; 14(4): 333–346, discussion 429–432.

102. Bower M, Veraitch O, Szydlo R et al. Cytokine changes during rituximab therapy in HIV-associated multicentric Castleman disease. Blood 2009; 113(19): 4521–4524.

103. Oksenhendler E. HIV-associated multicentric Castleman disease. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2009; 4(1): 16–21.

104. Bower M, Powles T, Williams S et al. Brief communication: rituximab in HIV-associated multicentric Castleman disease. Ann Intern Med 2007; 147(12): 836–839.

105. Marcelin AG, Aaron L, Mateus C et al. Rituximab therapy for HIV-associated Castleman disease. Blood 2003; 102(8): 2786–2788.

106. Corbellino M, Bestetti G, Scalamogna C et al. Long-term remission of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-related multicentric Castleman disease with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy. Blood 2001; 98(12): 3473–3475.

107. Ide M, Ogawa E, Kasagi K et al. Successful treatment of multicentric Castleman’s disease with bilateral orbital tumour using rituximab. Br J Haematol 2003; 121(5): 818–819.

108. Gholam D, Vantelon JM, Al-Jijakli A et al. A case of multicentric Castleman’s disease associated with advanced systemic amyloidosis treated with chemotherapy and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. Ann Hematol 2003; 82(12): 766–768.

109. Marietta M, Pozzi S, Luppi M et al. Acquired haemophilia in HIV negative, HHV-8 positive multicentric Castleman’s disease: a case report. Eur J Haematol 2003; 70(3): 181–182.

110. Fragasso A, Mannarella C, Ciancio A et al. Complete remission and virologic response to combined chemoimmunotherapy (R-CVP) followed by rituximab maintenance in HIV-negative, HHV-8 positive patient with multicentric Castleman disease. Leuk Lymphoma 2008; 49(11): 2224–2226.

111. Powles T, Stebbing J, Montoto S et al. Rituximab as retreatment for rituximab pretreated HIV-associated multicentric Castleman disease. Blood 2007; 110(12): 4132–4133.

112. Bandera B, Ainsworth C, Shikle J et al. Treatment of unicentric Castleman disease with neoadjuvant rituximab. Chest 2010; 138(5): 1239–1241.

113. Galeotti C, Tran TA, Franchi-Abella S et al. IL-1RA agonist (anakinra) in the treatment of multifocal castleman disease: case report. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2008; 30(12): 920–924.

114. Ganti AK, Pipinos I, Culcea E et al. Successful hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in multicentric Castleman disease complicated by POEMS syndrome. Am J Hematol 2005; 79(3): 206–210.

115. Neuville S, Agbalika F, Rabian C et al. Failure of rituximab in human immunodeficiency virus-associated multicentric Castleman disease. Am J Hematol 2005; 79(4): 337–339.

116. Oksenhendler E, Duarte M, Soulier J et al. Multicentric Castleman’s disease in HIV infection: a clinical and pathological study of 20 patients. AIDS 1996; 10(1): 61–67.

117. Šteiner I, Cerman J, Hájková P et al. Amyloidóza při Castlemanově chorobě. Lék Zpr Lék Fak Univ Karlovy Hr Králové 2004; 49(3–4): 129–139.

Labels
Paediatric clinical oncology Surgery Clinical oncology
Topics Journals
Login
Forgotten password

Enter the email address that you registered with. We will send you instructions on how to set a new password.

Login

Don‘t have an account?  Create new account

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#