#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Cardiovascular prevention news


Authors: Kvapil T.
Authors‘ workplace: I. interní klinika – kardiologická LF UP a FN Olomouc
Published in: Kardiol Rev Int Med 2020, 22(2): 82-85

Overview

Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death and a major cause of disability in Western countries. Cardiovascular prevention is defined as a coordinated set of actions, at the population level or targeted at individuals, that are aimed at eliminating or minimising the impact of cardiovascular diseases and their consequences. Current guidelines recommend an assessment of the total cardiovascular risk since atherosclerosis is usually the product of multiple, interacting risk factors. A lifelong approach to cardiovascular risk is important since both cardiovascular risk and prevention are dynamic and continuous as patients age and accumulate co-morbidities. Compared with the previous guidelines, the new guidelines place a greater emphasis on a population-based approach.

Keywords:

obesity – metabolic syndrome – cardiovascular prevention – cardiovascular disease – smoking prevention – hypolipidemic therapy


Sources

1. Nichols M, Townsend N, Scarborough P et al. European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 2012. European Heart Network and European Society of Cardiology 2012: 14–17.

2. Doll R, Peto R, Boreham J et al. Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors. BMJ 2004; 328(7455): 1519. doi: 10.1136/ bmj.38142.554479.AE.

3. Kiiskinen U, Vartiainen E, Puska P et al. Long-term cost and life-expectancy consequences of hypertension. J Hypertens 1998; 16(8): 1103–1112. doi: 10.1097/ 00004872-199816080-00004.

4. Cahill K, Lindson-Hawley N, Thomas KH et al. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 5: CD006103. doi: 10.1002/ 14651858.CD006103.pub7.

5. Stead LF, Perera R, Bullen CH et al. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Databse Syst Rev 2012; 11: CD000146. doi: 10.1002/ 14651858.CD000146.pub4.

6. Hughes JR, Stead LF, Hartmann-Boyce J et al. Antidepressants for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 1: CD000031. doi: 10.1002/ 14651858.CD000031.pub4.

7. Cahill K, Stevens S, Perera R et al. Pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 5: CD009329. doi: 10.1002/ 14651858.CD009329.pub2.

8. Garrett S, Elley CR, Rose SB et al. Are physical activity interventions in primary care and the community cost-effective? A systematic review of the evidence. Br J Gen Pract 2011; 61(584): e125–e133. doi: 10.3399/ bjgp11X561249.

9. Mozaffarinan D, Katan MB, Ascherio A et al. Trans fatty acids and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2006; 354(15): 1601–1613. doi: 10.1056/ NEJMra054035.

10. Astrup A, Dyerberg J, Elwood P et al. The role of reducing intakes of saturated fat in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: where does the evidence stand in 2010? Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93(4): 684–688. doi: 10.3945/ ajcn.110.004622.

11. He FJ, MacGregor GA. Effect of modest salt reduction on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Implications for public health. J Hum Hypertens 2002; 16(11): 761–770. doi: 10.1038/ sj.jhh.1001459.

12. Aburto NJ, Hanson S, Gutierrez H et al. Effect of increased potassium intake on cardiovascular risk factors and disease: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ 2013; 346: f1378. doi: 10.1136/ bmj.f1378.

13. Threapleton DE, Greenwood DC, Evans CE et al. Dietary fibre intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2013; 347: f6879. doi: 10.1136/ bmj.f6879.

14. Zhang Z, Xu G, Liu D et al. Dietary fiber consumption and risk of stroke. Eur J Epidemiol 2013; 28(2): 119–130. doi: 10.1007/ s10654-013-9783-1.

15. Luo CH, Zhang Y, Ding Y et al. Nut consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100(1): 256–269. doi: 10.3945/ ajcn.113.076109.

16. Zheng J, Huang T, Xu Y et al. Fish consumption and CHD mortality: an updated meta-analysis of seventeen cohort studies. Public Health Nutr 2012; 15(4): 725–737. doi: 10.1017/ S1368980011002254.

17. Chowdhury R, Kunutsor S, Vitezova A et al. Vitamin D and risk of cause specific death: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort and randomised intervention studies. BMJ 2014; 348: g1903. doi: 10.1136/ bmj.g1903.

18. Wang X, Ouyang Y, Liu J et al. Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMJ 2014; 349: g4490. doi: 10.1136/ bmj.g4490.

19. Holmes MV, Dale CE, Zuccolo L et al. Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data. BMJ 2014; 349: g4164. doi: 10.1136/ bmj.g4164.

20. Ronksley PE, Brien SE, Turner BJ et al. Association of alcohol consumption with selected cardiovascular disease outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2011; 342: d671. doi: 10.1136/ bmj.d671.

21. World Health Organization. Guideline: Sugars intake for adults and children. Geneva: Health Organization 2015.

22. Wormser D, Kaptoge S, Di Angelantonio E et al. Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity with cardiovascular disease: collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies. Lancet 2011; 377(9771): 1085–1095. doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(11)60105-0.

23. Bell JA, Sabia S, Hammer M et al. The natural course of healthy obesity over 20 years. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65(1): 101–102. doi: 10.1016/ j.jacc.2014.09.077.

24. Kwok CS, Pradan A, Khan MA et al. Bariatric surgery and its impact on cardiovascular disease and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2014; 173(1): 20–28. doi: 10.1016/ j.ijcard.2014.02.026.

25. Neaton JD, Blackburn H, Jacobs D et al. Serum cholesterol level and mortality findings for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Arch Int Med 1992; 152(7): 1490–1500.

26. Mihaylova B, Emberson J, Blackwell L et al. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials. Lancet 2012; 380(9841): 581–590. doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(12)60367-5.

Labels
Paediatric cardiology Internal medicine Cardiac surgery Cardiology

Article was published in

Cardiology Review

Issue 2

2020 Issue 2

Most read in this issue
Login
Forgotten password

Enter the email address that you registered with. We will send you instructions on how to set a new password.

Login

Don‘t have an account?  Create new account

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#